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THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA ART. 25(1)
Detention order - Confirmation of - There is no constitutional mandate under clause (5) of Article 22, much less any statutory requirement to consider the representation before confirming the order of detention. (D.M. Nagaraja v Government of Karnataka and Others, 2012(1) Kar. L.J. 1 (SC) : AIR 2012 SC 295 : (2011)10 SCC 215; K.M. Abdulla Kunhi v Union of India, (1991)1 SCC 476 : AIR 1991 SC 574).
Right against Exploitation
23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.—(1) Traffic in human beings and beggar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
(2) Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.
COMMENTS
Forced Labour — Sanjit Roy v State of Rajasthan, AIR 1983 SC 328 : (1983)1 SCC 525 : 1983-I-LLJ-220 (SC).
People’s Union for Democratic Rights and Others v Union of India and Others, AIR 1982 SC 1473 : (1982)3 SCC 235 : 1982-II-LLJ-454 (SC).
Bonded Labour — Bandhua Mukti Morcha v Union of India and Others, AIR 1984 SC 802 : (1984)3 SCC 161.
Neeraja Chaudhary v State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1984 SC 1099 : (1984)3 SCC 243.
Denial of pay for the service rendered tantamounts to forced labour which is impermissible. (Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha v Dhobei Sahoo, AIR 2014 SC 246 : (2014)1 SCC 161).
24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.—No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.
COMMENTS
Child Labour — People’s Union for Democratic Rights and Others v Union of India and Others, AIR 1982 SC 1473 : (1982)3 SCC 235 : 1982-II-LLJ-454 (SC).
Labourers Working on Salal Hydro-Project v State of Jammu and Kashmir and Others, AIR 1984 SC 177 : (1983)2 SCC 181 : 1983-I-LLJ-494 (SC).
Right to Freedom of Religion
25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.—(1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate religion.
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