Page 266 - ro membanes

CHAPTER
12
Reverse Osmosis System Design and Pretreatment
12.1 Overview of Typical SWRO Desalination System 250
12.2 SWRO Membrane ElementsdKey Types and Pretreatment
Considerations 250
12.2.1 Classification of Thin-Film Composite SWRO
Membranes 254
12.2.2 Standard Rejection SWRO
Membrane Elements 255
12.2.3 High-Rejection SWRO
Membrane Elements 255
12.2.4 High-Productivity (Low-
Energy) Membrane Elements 255
12.2.5 High-Pressure SWRO
Elements 256
12.3 Internally Staged Membrane ConfigurationdFouling
Implications 256
12.4 Alternative SWRO-Membrane
Systems and Pretreatment 257 12.4.1 Single-Pass SWRO Systems 258
12.4.2 Two-Pass SWRO Systems 259
12.5
12.4.3 Two-Stage SWRO Systems 262
12.4.5 Hybrid SWRO Systems With
Multiple Passes and Stages 264
12.4.6 Three-Center/Four-Stage
RO-System Configuration 267
Alternatives for Control of
Microbial Fouling 272
12.5.1
Reduction of Bacterial Food Sources in Source Water 272
12.4.2.1
12.4.2.2 12.4.2.3
Conventional Full-
Two Pass SWRO Systems 260 Split-Partial Two-
Pass SWRO Systems 260 Product Water
Quality of Single-
and Two-Pass
SWRO Systems 261
12.5.1.1 12.5.1.2
Biodegradation of Organics Upstream
of the RO System 272 Coagulation 273
OUTLINE
Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809953-7.00012-7 249 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.