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276 12. REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM DESIGN AND PRETREATMENT
12.5.3 Creation of Favorable Hydrodynamic Conditions in the SWRO
Membrane Elements
As indicated in Chapter 2, SWRO biofouling could be controlled by creating turbulent hy- drodynamic conditions on the surface of the SWRO membranes, which would prevent active marine bacteria from attaching to the surface and developing biofilm.
Fundamental research in this area indicates that such conditions could be created if the SWRO membrane systems are operated at relatively low recoveries (30%e35% vs. 40%e50%) and low permeate membrane flux, as well as by designing the membrane feed/concentrate spacer geometry such that it induces turbulent flow and high scouring (shear) velocity on the membrane surface (Winters et al., 2007). The work in this field is ongoing and holds significant potential.
References
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