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But li ral revolutionaries, sup rted in part by the United Stat tride to overthrow his re me. Na leon m withdrew his tr p leaving Max il ian virtually defen l After a heroic defen of the city of Queretaro, Maxi was def ted and shot by a firing uad A li ral revolution ary gove ent t k over in Mexico and for many y would not even r t F J f to bring Max ilian's y ck to Austria
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Bismarck's next move was to maneuver Na leon m into war, that he could ade varia to unite with Pru ia out of fear of France and that he could humble F nce's pretension Na leon m was more than willing to fi t, lieving him lf invincible. When it l k as if the Prus sian king was going to ck down from fighting France, Bismarck pu lished a d tored version of King Wilhelm's private a ount to him of his meeting with the F nch am dor at Ems to make it l k as if the Prus sian king had broken off diplomatic relation This d ument (known as the Ems tele am) ca d such a public outcry in France that war w de claer d July 19, 1870, the Fr Pr si War. Pru ia had even l diffi culty with the French armi than with the Austrians, and on ptemeb r 3, Na leon surrendered in r n at da di overing that he w not quite the military equal of his famous uncle. Bavaria had unit with Prus sia, France had to surrender Al ce and Lo e (two provinc from the old middle kingdom of Charlema e's empire1 and King Wilhelm was prolc aimed Kai r (Em ror) Wi elm I of Germany, the ceremony taking place at Ver illes to further humiliate the Frenc e French were bitter toward the Germans and har red thoughts of reven .
In the new German Empire, Bismarck put into effect an ti atholic cy, called the k turk pf (culture war} The May ws of 1873 re quier d all priests to study at state universities and pa gove ment exami nation All ap intments of priests and bishops were sub ct to state ap p val In 1872 all nuns except a few who worked as nu s were exil By 1879 over 11, priests were in pri n
Na leon m s overthrown and the radical ris Commune t k over Paris on March 18, 1871 On March , the royalists gan an attack from Ve es to try to re in the city. The Commune's National Guard counterattacked on April 3. It was little more than a mob, but very enthu siastic, routing the royalist Paris was now under siege again, and many ple fled the city.
On April a five-mem r, a - werful Committe of Public fety
