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4:1 God does not abandon Jesus to the devil’s temptations: it is the Spirit who leads him to the desert. Jesus will be there for forty days, recalling the forty years the Israelites wandered in the desert after their exodus from Egypt. The devil o ers Jesus material wealth, power, and control, even citing Scripture passages as he urges Jesus to test or to abandon God. Jesus in turn counters each of the devil’s temptations with the word of God.
4:15 Luke tells us brie y, “he taught in their synagogues and was praised by all” (4:15). But in just a few lines, the people in Jesus’ own hometown reject him and even attempt to kill him. Simeon’s prophecy that Jesus would be “a sign that will be contradicted... so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed” (2:35) is coming true. There is something about Jesus that requires a response: there is no remaining indi erent to his word.
CHAPTER 3
v. [3:31–33] Ru 4:17–22; 1 Chr 2:1–15.
w. [3:33] Gn 29:35; 38:29.
x. [3:34] Gn 21:3; 25:26; 1 Chr 1:34; 28:34. y. [3:34–36] Gn 11:10–26; 1 Chr 1:24–27. z. [3:36–38] Gn 4:25–5:32; 1 Chr 1:1–4.
LUKE -
Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez,v the son of Judah,w 34the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham,x the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem,y the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, 37the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, 38the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam,z the son of God.
4The Temptation of Jesus.* 1a Filled with the holy Spirit,* Jesus returned from the Jordan and was
2* led by the Spirit into the desert for forty days, to be tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and when they were over he was hungry.b 3The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.” 4Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘One does not live by bread alone.’”c 5Then he took him up and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a single instant. 6The devil said to him, “I shall give to you all this power and their glory; for it has been handed over to me, and I may give it to whomever I wish.d 7All this will be yours, if you worship me.” 8Jesus said to him in reply, “It is written:
‘You shall worship the Lord, your God, and him alone shall you serve.’”e
9* Then he led him to Jerusalem, made him stand on the parapet of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, 10for it is written:
‘He will command his angels concerning you, to guard you,’f
11and:
‘With their hands they will support you,
lest you dash your foot against a stone.’”g
12Jesus said to him in reply, “It also says, ‘You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.’”h 13* When the devil had finished every temptation,i he departed from him for a time.
IV. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE
The Beginning of the Galilean Ministry. 14j Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news of him spread* throughout the whole region.k 15He taught in their synagogues and was praised by all. The Rejection at Nazareth.* l 16He came to Nazareth, where he had grown up, and went according to his custom* into the synagogue on
* [4:1–13] See note on Mt 4:1–11.
* [4:1] Filled with the holy Spirit: as a result of the descent of the
Spirit upon him at his baptism (Lk 3:21–22), Jesus is now equipped to overcome the devil. Just as the Spirit is prominent at this early stage of Jesus’ ministry (Lk 4:1, 14, 18), so too it will be at the beginning of the period of the church in Acts (Acts 1:4; 2:4, 17).
* [4:2] For forty days: the mention of forty days recalls the forty years of the wilderness wanderings of the Israelites during the Exodus (Dt 8:2).
* [4:9] To Jerusalem: the Lucan order of the temptations concludes on the parapet of the temple in Jerusalem, the city of destiny in Luke-Acts. It is in Jerusalem that Jesus will ultimately face his destiny (Lk 9:51; 13:33).
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[4:13] For a time: the devil’s opportune time will occur before the passion and death of Jesus (Lk 22:3, 31–32, 53).
[4:14] News of him spread: a Lucan theme; see Lk 4:37; 5:15; 7:17. [4:16–30] Luke has transposed to the beginning of Jesus’ ministry an incident from his Marcan source, which situated it near the end of the Galilean ministry (Mk 6:1–6a). In doing so, Luke turns the initial admiration (Lk 4:22) and subsequent rejection of Jesus (Lk 4:28–29) into a foreshadowing of the whole future ministry of Jesus. Moreover, the rejection of Jesus in his own hometown hints at the greater rejection of him by Israel (Acts 13:46).
[4:16] According to his custom: Jesus’ practice of regularly attending synagogue is carried on by the early Christians’ practice of meeting in the temple (Acts 2:46; 3:1; 5:12).
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a. [4:1–13] Mt 4:1–11; Mk 1:12–13. b. [4:2] Heb 4:15.
c. [4:4] Dt 8:3.
d. [4:6] Jer 27:5; Mt 28:18.
e. [4:8] Dt 6:13.
f. [4:10] Ps 91:11.
g. [4:11] Ps 91:12.
h. [4:12] Dt 6:16; 1 Cor 10:9.
i. [4:13] 22:3; Jn 13:2, 27; Heb 4:15.
j. [4:14–15] Mt 4:12–17; Mk 1:14–15. k. [4:14] 5:15; Mt 3:16.
l. [4:16–30] Mt 13:53–58; Mk 6:1–6.