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Chapter 15 | Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes 821
We can solve this equation using the quadratic formula, but we can also make an assumption to make this calculation much simpler. Since the Ksp value is so small compared with the cadmium concentration, we can assume that the change between the initial concentration and the equilibrium concentration is negligible, so that 0.010 + x ~ 0.010. Going back to our Ksp expression, we would now get:
Therefore, the molar solubility of CdS in this solution is 1.0 10–26 M. Check Your Learning
Calculate the molar solubility of aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, in a 0.015-M solution of aluminum nitrate, Al(NO3)3. The Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 2 10–32.
Answer: 4 10–11 M
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain the Lewis model of acid-base chemistry
• Write equations for the formation of adducts and complex ions
• Perform equilibrium calculations involving formation constants
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when an ammonia molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form an ammonium ion. Both of these equations are shown here.
