Page 635 - AP Computer Science A, 7th edition

Cache: A small amount of “fast” memory for the storage of data. Typically, the most recently accessed data from disk storage or “slow” memory is saved in the main memory cache to save time if it’s retrieved again.
Compiler: A program that translates source code into object code (machine language).
CPU: The central processing unit (computer’s brain). It controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. It consists of the arithmetic/logic unit, the control unit, and some memory, usually called “on-board memory” or cache memory. Physically, the CPU consists of millions of microscopic transistors on a chip.
Debugger: A program that helps find errors by tracing the values of variables in a program.
Decimal number system: Base 10.
GUI: Graphical user interface.
Hardware: The physical components of computers. These are the ones you can touch, for example, the keyboard, monitor, printer, CPU chip.
Hertz (Hz): One cycle per second. It refers to the speed of the computer’s internal clock and gives a measure of the CPU
speed. Similarly, megahertz (MHz, 106 Hz) and gigahertz (GHz,
109 Hz).
Hexadecimal number system: Base 16.
High-level language: A human-readable programming language that enables instructions that require many machine steps to be coded concisely, for example, Java, C++, Pascal, BASIC, FORTRAN.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language. The instructions read by web