Page 555 - Physics Coursebook 2015 (A level)

Appendix 2: Data, formulae and relationships
Appendix 2:
Data, formulae and relationships
Data
Values are given here to three significant figures, except where more significant figures are useful.
speed of light in free space permeability of free space permittivity of free space elementary charge
Planck constant
rest mass of electron rest mass of proton
rest mass of neutron rest mass of α-particle molar gas constant Avogadro constant Boltzmann constant gravitational constant acceleration of free fall*
c 3.00×108ms−1
μ0 4π×10−7Hm−1
ε0 8.85 × 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2 (F m−1) e 1.60×10−19C
h 6.63×10−34Js
me 9.11×10−31kg
mp 1.67 × 10−27 kg
mn 1.675 × 10−27 kg
mα 6.646 × 10−27 kg
R 8.31JK−1mol−1
NA 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
k 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1
G 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
g 9.81 m s−2
*Note that this is the value of g which you should use in answering questions; g varies significantly over the Earth’s surface, with values ranging from
9.78 m s−2 at the equator to 9.83 m s−2 at the poles.
Conversion factors
unified atomic mass unit electronvolt
1 u = 1.661 × 10−27 kg
1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J
1 day = 8.64×104 s
1 year ≈ 3.16 × 107 s
1 light year ≈ 9.5 × 1015 m
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