Page 346 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford
P. 346

 Aloud is often used with the words read and think, to say that words are spoken, and not just 'said' silently in the head.
She has a very good pronunciation when she reads aloud. What did you say? - Oh, nothing. I was just thinking aloud.
335 make: causative structures
1 object + infinitive
After make + object, we use the infinitive without to (see 281).
I made her cry. (NOT .. "ttlfie her t6 cry. OR : mttde her etying.)
Note that the infinitive must follow the object.
I can't make the washing machine work. (NOT : cttn't make ftl6rk the
wttShing machine.)
In passive structures the infinitive with to is used.
She was 11UJik to repeat the whole story.
2 make onself understood, etc
In a few cases make can be followed by myself, yourselfetc and a past participle. The structure is common with understood and heard.
I don't speak good French, but I can make myselfunderstood. (NOT ••• make "l'Jseif f t l ttierstaltti. )
She had to shout to make herselfheard.
3 with object + object complement: make people welcome etc
We can talk about an effect or change with make + object + adjective/noun (see 607).
She made everybody welcome.
The rain made the grass wet. (NOT The /'(lin math wet the gt'ttS!J.) We do not use make . .. be in this structure.
Youhave11UJikmeahappyman.(NOT ¥Beth{tf1emttdemebe(th4f1PYman.) For other structures and the difference between make and do, see 160.
336 make: prepositions
We usually say that something is made ofa particular material. Most things seem to be 11UJik o f plastic these days.
All ourfurniture is 11UJik ofwood.
When a material is changed into a completely different form to make something, we often use make from.
Paper is 11UJik from wood. (NOT l"tlper is "lath 6J" ftl66d.)
When we talk about the process of manufacture, we can also use out of
He 11UJik all the window-frames out ofoak; it took a long time.
To mention one of several materials (e.g. in cooking), we can use make with.
The soup's good. - Yes, I make it with lots ofgarlic.
make: causative structures 335
page 314




































































   344   345   346   347   348