Page 395 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

6
Roman numbers
7
cardinal and ordinal numbers: books, chapters etc; kings and queens
After a noun we usually use a cardinal number (one, two etc) instead of an ordinal number (first, second etc). This structure is common in titles. Compare:
the fourth book - Book Four the third act - Act Three Mozart's thirty-ninth symphony - Symphony No. 39, by Mozart the third day of the course - Timetable for Day Three
However, the names of kings and queens are said with ordinal numbers. Henry VlIl: Henry the Eighth (NOT Henry Eight)
Louis XIV: Louis the Fourteenth
Elizabeth 11: Elizabeth the Second
Roman numbers (1, II, III, IV etc) are not common in modem English, but they are still used in a few cases - for example the names of kings and queens, page numbers in the introductions to some books, the numbers of paragraphs in some documents, the numbers of questions in some examinations, the figures on some old clock faces, and occasionally the names of centuries.
It was built in the time ofHenry V.
For details, see Introduction page ix.
Do question (vi) or question (vii), but not both.
a fine XVIll Century English walnut chest o f drawers
The Roman numbers normally used are as follows:
IIi lOXx 40 2IIii 11XIxi 4S 3 III iii 12 XII xii 50 4 IV iv 13 XIII xiii 60 5Vv 14XIVxiv 90
XLxl XLV xlv LI LXIx XC xc
6VIvi 7VIIvii 8 VI11 viii 9 IX ix
19XIXxix 20XXxx 21 XXI xxi 30 XXX xxx
100 Cc
500 D
1000 M
1995 MCMXCV
8 centuries
Note how the names of centuries relate to the years in them. The period from 1701 - 1800 is called the 18th century (not the 17th); 1801 - 1900 is the 19th century, etc.
9 floors
The ground floor of a British house is the first floor of an American house; the British first floor is the American second floor, etc.
10 and; punctuation
In British English we always put and between hundred!thousand!million and numbers below a hundred. rn American English, and can be dropped.
310 5,642 2,025
three hundred and ten (AmE also three hundred ten) five thousand, six hundred and forty-two
two thousand and twenty-five •
numbers 389
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