Page 416 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

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participle clauses with their own subjects
A participle clause can have its own subject. This happens most often in a rather formal style.
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.
A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement. Hands held high, the dancers circle to the right.
The subject is often introduced by with when the clause expresses accompanying circumstances.
A car roared past with smoke pouring from the exhaust.
With Peter working in Birmingham, and Lucy travelling most of the week,
the house seems pretty empty.
participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions
-ing clauses can be used after many conjunctions and prepositions. They are common with after, before, since, when, while, on, without, instead of, in spite of and as. Note that -ing forms after prepositions can often be considered as either participles or gerunds - the dividing line is not clear (see 293).
After talking to you I always feel better.
After Iulving annoyed everybody he went home.
Depress clutch before clulnging gear.
She's been quite different since coming back from America.
When tel£phoning from abroad, dial 1865, not 01865. On being introduced, British people often shake hands. Tlzey left without saying goodbye.
She struck me as being a very nervy kind of person.
Clauses with past participles are possible (mostly in a formal style) after if, when, while, once and until.
If asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform police at once. When opened, keep in refrigerator.
Once deprived ofoxygen, the brain dies.
Leave in oven until cooked to a light brown colour.
For clauses like when ready. see 73.4. object complements
The structure object + participle (clause) is used after verbs of sensation (e.g. see, hear, feel, watch, notice, smell) and some other verbs (e.g. find, get, have, make).
I saw a small girl standing in the goldfish pond. Have you ever heard a nightingal£ singing?
I found her drinking my whisky.
We'll have to get the car repaired before Tuesday. Do you think you can get the radio working? We'll soon have you walking again.
1 can maJce myself urukrstood pretty well in English.
For more about structures with see and hear. see 242. For get. see 224. For have. see 238. For malre. see 335.
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participles (4): clauses 411
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