Page 481 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

462 1
Both present tenses can be used to talk about the future.
I'll meet you when you arrive.
Come and see us next week ifyou're passing through London.
For the differences, see 463-464, 466.
present tenses (2): simple present (forms) forms
4
future time
2
- Contracted negatives (see 143): I don't work, he doesn't work etc - Negative questions (see 368): do I not work? or don't I work? etc
For passives (e.g. The work is done), see 412.
spelling of third person singular forms
3
add -es to infinitive
Exceptions:
pronunciation o f third
person
Affirmative
I work
you work helshelit works we work
they work
Question
do I work?
do you work?
does helshelit work? do we work?
do they work?
Negative
I do not work
you do not work helshelit does not work we do not work
they do not work
Most verbs:
add -s to infinitive
Verbs ending in consonant + y: change y to i and add -es
But (vowel + y):
Verbs ending in -so -z, -ch, -sh or -x:
work -> works sit -> sits
stay -> stays
cry -> cries hurry -> hurries reply -> replies
enjoy ..... enjoys
miss ..... misses buzz ..... buzzes watch ..... watches push -> pushes
fix ..... fixes
have ..... has go ..... goes do -> does
singular forms
present tenses (2): simple present (forms) 462
The pronunciation of the -(e)s ending depends on the sound that comes before it. The rules are the same as for the plural -eels ending - see 525.
Irregular pronunciations: says (/sez/. not /sen/); does (/dAz/. not /du:z/).
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