Page 497 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford

Apostrophes are used in the plurals of letters, and sometimes of numbers and abbreviations.
He writes b's instead ofd's.
It was in the early 1960's. (More usually: ... 1960s.) I know two MP's personally. (More usually: ... MPs.)
It is not correct to put apostrophes in normal plurals. JEANS - HALF PRICE (NOT }EAN'S .. .J
480 questions (1): basic rules
These rules apply to most written and spoken questions. For 'declarative questions' like This is your car? (in which the subject comes before the verb), see 481.
1 auxiliary verb before subject: Have you ...?
In a question, an auxiliary verb normally comes before the subject. When is Oliver leaving? (NOT When Oliver is letttJillgr)
Have you received my letter ofJune 17? (NOT ¥8u have received ...n Why are you laughing? (NOT Why}'Bu aFe laughingr)
What are all those people looking at? (NOT l'i9M:t aU ffl6S6 petJple are ffl6leiltg am
How much does the room cost? (NOT H6W much the 1'68m etJatsr)
2 do:Doyoulike...?
If there is no other auxiliary verb, we use do, does or did to form a question. Do you like Mozart? (NOT Like}'Bu M8Ztf;rtr)
What does 'periphrastic' mean? (NOT Vlhttt means 'periphrmfie'r)
Did you wash the car today?
3 do not used with other auxiliaries
Do is not used together with other auxiliary verbs or with be. Can you tell me the time? (NOT DB ytJl1 M il feEl me the timer) Have you seen John? (NOT lJtJ ytJU have seell }6hllr)
Are you ready?
4 infinitive after do: What does he want?
After do, we use the infinitive (without to).
What does the boss wa1lt? (NOT What d6e8 the 8M3 ftltmtsr) Didyougoclimbinglastweekend?(NOT DidytJu weill•..?OR DidytJu
tB gtJ .. •n
5 only auxiliary verb before subject
Only the auxiliary verb goes before the subject, not the whole of the verb.
Is your mother coming tomorrow? (NOT [s oomilzgytJur m6ffler tBI'It6Ff'6Wr) Is your daughter havinga lesson today? (NOT Is htttJillgytJltr t:/al:tg.'lter ...n When was your reservation made? (NOT VRtett Wtt3 mtttleytJftF FeseFtJflti61lr)
This happens even if the ~ubject is very long.
Where are the President and his family staying? (NOT Where are staying the
President ... n
•
questions (1): basic rules 480
page 465