Page 80 - Practical English Usage 3ed - Michael Swan, Oxford
P. 80
I don't do just any work - I choose jobs that interest me. (l don't do any work ... could be misunderstood.)
Note that we use either (see 174), not any, to talk about a choice between two alternatives.
I can write with either hand. (NOT ••• any hanti.) 6 atall
At all (see 83) is often used to emphasise the meaning of (not) any. I'll do any job at all - even road-sweeping.
She doesn't speak any English at aU.
7 anyandanyof
Before a determiner (definite article, demonstrative or possessive word) or a pronoun, we use any of(see 154.4) Compare:
- I didn't go to any lectures last term. (NOT ••• any 6.lleerure8 ...)
I wasn't interested in any ofthe lectures. (NOT ••• any the leeH:tFeS.)
- Do any books here belong to you?
Do any ofthese books belong to you?
- I do,,'t think any staff want to work tomorrow.
I don't think any of us want to work tomorrow.
Note that when any ofis followed by a plural subject, the verb can be singular or plural. A singular verb is more common in a formal style.
Ifany ofyourfriends islare interested, let me know.
S without a noun
A noun can be dropped after any, if the meaning is clear. Did you get the oil?-No, there was,,'t any left.
Instead of not any without a noun, none (see 376) can be used. This is often more emphatic.
There was none left.
We don't use any or not any alone as answers.
What day shall I come?-Any day. (NOT Any.)
How much money have you got?-None. (NOT N6t any.)
9 compounds
Many of the rules given above also apply to the compounds anybody, anyone, anything and anywhere. For more information about these, see 548.
For the use of any and 1/0 as adverbs. see 57. For any . .. but, see 116.
For any and every. see 56.
56 any and every
Any and every can both be used to talk in general about all the members of a class or group.
Any/Every child can learn to swim.
The meaning is not quite the same. Any looks at things one at a time: it means
'whichever one you choose', 'this or that or the other'. Every looks at things together: its meaning is closer to 'all', 'this and that and the other'. Compare:
any and every 56
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