Page 186 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

North Sea
GAUL
Balearics
Carthage
NUMIDIA
Baltic
Sea 0
200 400 200
600 Kilometers 400 Miles
BRITAIN
0
Atlantic Ocean
NORTH AFRICA
Sahara
CISALPINE Ravenna GAUL
DACIA
GERMANY
MOESIA Black Sea
Corsica Sardinia
Rome
Sicily
Adriatic Sea
Syracuse
THRACE Adrianople
Byzantium
(Constantinople) BITHYNIA
MACEDONIA
Nicomedia PHRYGIA
Pergamum
CAPPADOCIA
Athens ASIA Corinth
Rhodes Crete
CILICIA
Cyprus
Jerusalem
Antioch
SYRIA Damascus
JUDAEA
LIBYA
Alexandria
Prefecture of Gaul Prefecture of Illyricum Prefecture of Italy Prefecture of the East
MAP 7.1 Divisions of the Late Roman Empire, ca. 300. Diocletian imposed order and a new economic and administrative structure on the late empire. He divided the Roman Empire into four regions, each ruled by either an “Augustus” or a “Caesar,” although Diocletian retained supreme power.
Q Compare this map with Map 6.1. How much territory had been lost by the time of Diocletian?
of Constantine’s reign, the army had also been reorgan- ized. Military forces were divided into two kinds: garri- son troops, which were located on the frontiers and intended as a first line of defense against invaders, and mobile units, which were located behind the frontier but could be quickly moved to support frontier troops when the borders were threatened. This gave the empire greater flexibility in responding to invasion.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRENDS The political and mili- tary reforms of Diocletian and Constantine greatly enlarged two institutions—the army and the civil service—that drained most of the public funds.
Although more revenues were needed to pay for the army and bureaucracy, the population was not grow- ing, so the tax base could not be expanded. Diocletian and Constantine devised new economic and social pol- icies to deal with these financial burdens, but like their political policies, they were all based on coercion and loss of individual freedom. To fight inflation, Diocletian resorted to issuing a price edict in 301 that established maximum wages and prices for the entire empire, but despite severe penalties, it was unenforce- able and failed to work.
Coercion also came to form the underlying basis for numerous occupations in the late Roman Empire.
148 Chapter 7 Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World
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EGYPT the Eastern and Western Empires
Line of division between
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