Page 199 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

IRISH
IRELAND
Whitby
BRITAIN
ANGLO-
SAXONS (597–670)
Canterbury
North S e a
Atlantic Ocean
SPAIN Toledo
Córdoba
Cologne Aachen
FRISIANS (690–739)
SAXONS (797–805)
Paris
Tours GAUL
L yons Marseilles
GERMANY
Milan
e
Corsica Sardinia
Carthage
900 Kilometers 600 Miles
Black Sea
Rome Naples
Sicily Syracuse
THRACE Constantinople
ARMENIA
Monte Cassino
Nicaea ASIA MINOR Ephesus
Caesarea
Corinth
Cyrene
Athens
Rhodes Crete
Antioch
Damascus
Cyprus
Jerusalem
0 300 0
600
y
Alexandria
Memphis EGYPT
300
NORTH AFRICA
Red Sea
MAP 7.3 The Spread of Christianity, 400–800. The Christian church had penetrated much of the Roman Empire by the end of the fifth century. After the fall of the empire, the church emerged as a major base of power and pushed its influence into new areas through the activities of missionaries.
Q What aspects of geography help explain the relatively late conversions of the Anglo- Saxons in Britain and the Frisians and Saxons east of the Rhine River?
contained all the knowledge anyone needed. Others, however, thought it was not possible to separate Chris- tian thought from classical traditions and education and encouraged Christianity to absorb the classical heritage. As it spread in the Eastern Roman world, Christianity adopted Greek as its language; the New Testament was written in Greek. Christians also turned to Greek thought for help in expressing complicated theological concepts. In many ways, then, Christianity served to preserve Greco-Roman culture.
THE WORK OF AUGUSTINE The work of Augustine (354–430) provides one of the best examples of how Christian
intellectuals used pagan culture in the service of Christi- anity. Augustine came to be revered as one of the Latin fathers of the Catholic Church, intellectuals who wrote in Latin and profoundly influenced the development of Christian thought in the West.
Augustine’s most famous work, The City of God, was a profound expression of a Christian philosophy of government and history. In it, he theorized on the ideal relations between two kinds of societies existing throughout time—the City of God and the City of the World. Those who loved God would be loyal to the City of God, whose ultimate location was the kingdom of heaven. Earthly society would always be uncertain
Development of the Christian Church 161
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Christian areas, ca. 300 Areas Christianized, 300–600 Areas Christianized, 600–800 Centers of Christian diffusion
Dates indicate period of conversion to Christianity
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