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For an excellent survey of late antiquity and the emergence of the medieval world, see Chris Wickham, The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 (New York, 2009).
LATE ROMAN EMPIRE On the late Roman Empire, see S. Mitchell, History of the Later Roman Empire A.D. 284–641 (Oxford, 2006). For new perspectives on the role of the Germans in the fall of the Western Roman Empire, see P. Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (Oxford, 2006), and B. Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford, 2005).
THE GERMANIC PEOPLES For a survey of the German tribes and their migrations, see M. Todd, The Early Germans, 2d ed. (Oxford, 2004). On the relationship between the Romans and the Germans, see T. S. Burns, Rome and the Barbarians, 100 B.C.–A.D. 400 (Baltimore, 2003), and M. Kulikowski, Rome’s Gothic Wars (New York, 2007).
Notes
1. “The Creed of Nicaea,” in Documents of the Christian Church, ed. H. Bettenson (London, 1963), p. 35.
2. E. F. Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (London, 1892), p. 181.
3. N. F. Cantor, ed., The Medieval World, 300–1300 (New York, 1963), p. 104.
EARLY CHRISTIANITY For a superb introduction to early Christianity, see P. Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Adversity A.D. 200–1000, 2d ed. (Oxford, 2002). For a good account of early monasticism, see C. H. Lawrence, Medieval Monasticism, 3d ed. (London, 2000). On Pope Gregory the Great, see J. Moorhead, Gregory the Great (London, 2005).
THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Brief but good introductions to Byzantine history can be found in A. Cameron, The Byzantines (Oxford, 2006), and W. Treadgold, A Concise History of Byzantium (London, 2001). On Justinian, see J. Moorhead, Justinian (London, 1995). On Constantinople, see J. Harris, Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium (New York, 2007).
ISLAMIC MIDDLE EAST For a good brief survey of the Islamic Middle East, see A. Goldschmidt, Jr., A Concise History of the Middle East, 8th ed. (Boulder, Colo., 2005). On the rise of Islam, see F. E. Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam (Albany, N.Y., 1994).
5. Bede, A History of the English Church and People, trans. L. Sherley-Price (Harmondsworth, England, 1968), pp. 86–87.
6. Quoted in P. Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Adversity, A.D. 200–1000 (Oxford, 1997), p. 98.
7. Tertullian, “The Prescriptions Against the Heretics,” in The Library of Christian Classics, vol. 5, Early Latin Theology, ed. and trans. S. L. Greenslade (Philadelphia, 1956), p. 36.
4. Ibid., p. 103.
172 Chapter 7
Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World
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