Page 215 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

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UMAYYAD KINGDOM OF SPAIN
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BRITTANY
AUSTRASIA
ALEMANNI BURGUNDY
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Frankish kingdom, 768
Territories gained by Charlemagne
IRELAND
Toledo
Barcelona
Mediterranean Sea
MERCIA
WALES EAST
WESSEX
ANGLIA ESSEX
WEST KENT WALES SUSSEX
NORTHUMBRIA
York North
Sea
FRISIA
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DANISH MARCH
600 Kilometers 400 Miles
Aachen
Atlantic Verdun Mainz TRIBUTARY
Paris
NEUSTRIA
Bordeaux AQUITAINE
SPANISH MARCH
MAP 8.1 The Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne inherited the Frankish kingdom from his father, Pepin. He expanded his territories in several directions, creating an empire that would not be rivaled in size until the conquests of Napoleon in the early nineteenth century.
Q How might Charlemagne’s holdings in northern Italy have influenced his relationship with the pope?
WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHARLEMAGNE? The significance of this imperial coronation has been much debated by historians. We are not even sure whether Charlemagne or the pope initiated the idea when they met in German lands in the summer of 799 or whether Charlemagne was pleased or displeased. His biographer Einhard claimed that Charlemagne “at first had such an aversion that he declared that he would not have set foot in the Church the day that it was conferred,
although it was a great feast-day, if he could have fore- seen the design of the Pope.”2 But Charlemagne also perceived the usefulness of the imperial title; after all, he was now on a level of equality with the Byzantine emperor. Moreover, the papacy now had a defender of great stature.
In any case, Charlemagne’s coronation as Roman emperor demonstrated the strength, even after three hundred years, of the concept of an enduring Roman
The World of the Carolingians 177
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Milan
Corsica
Sardinia
VENETIA
PAPAL STATES
Rome
DUCHY
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BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Sicily
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BAVARIA
PEOPLES
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