Page 244 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

Bergen
Stockholm
Edinburgh
Novgorod
S
North Sea
Lübeck
S Danzig
S
Dublin Winchester
Hamburg
Frankfurt
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
London S Bruges
S
S Leipzig
Nuremberg
Ghent
Cracow Vienna
Budapest S
Kiev
Paris
S
S
S
Atlantic Ocean
Bordeaux
Lyons Milan Genoa
Augsburg Venice
Florence
A
Astrakhan
Trebizond
Tabriz Mosul
Baghdad
A
A
S
A
Belgrade
S A S
Corsica
Barcelona
A
Rome
A
S
Black
Cyprus
Sea
Damascus
Red Sea
S
S
A
Constantinople
A
A
A
A
A
Balearic
Toledo Islands Naples
Lisbon
S
Sardinia
Tunis
A
Valencia
300 600 300
A
Córdoba
0 0
Sicily
Crete
Mediterranean Sea
Tripoli 900 Kilometers
600 Miles
Alexandria
MAP 9.1 Medieval Trade Routes. Italian cities and Flanders were the centers of gradually expanding trade in Europe. They fostered the exchange of goods from the Byzantine Empire and the Far East with those of various regions of Europe. The decline in the level of violence over time greatly helped trade.
Q Look back at Map 6.2. In what areas had trade expanded since 200 C.E., and how can you account for this?
of Black Sea ports, where they acquired goods brought by Muslim merchants from India, China, and Southeast Asia. A few Italian merchants even journeyed to India and China in search of trade goods.
While the northern Italian cities were busy trading in the Mediterranean, the towns of Flanders were doing likewise in northern Europe. Flanders, the area along the coast of present-day Belgium and northern France, was known for the production of a much desired, high- quality woolen cloth. The location of Flanders made it a logicalentrepo^tforthetradersofnorthernEurope. Merchants from England, Scandinavia, France, and
Germany converged there to trade their wares for woolen cloth. Flanders prospered in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and Flemish towns such as Bruges (BROOZH) and Ghent became centers for the trade and manufacture of woolen cloth.
By the twelfth century, it was almost inevitable that a regular exchange of goods would develop between Flanders and Italy. To encourage this trade, the counts of Champagne in northern France established a series of six fairs that were held annually in the chief towns of their territory. Northern merchants brought the furs, woolen cloth, tin, hemp, and honey of northern Europe
206 Chapter 9 The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages
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Area of cloth production Area of linen production Area of silk production Trade routes
Gold
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