Page 264 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

0 North 0
Sea
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
100 200 100
300 Kilometers
SCOTLAND
IRELAND York
200 Miles
SCOTLAND
ENGLAND London
North Sea
French fiefs possessed, 1154 French fiefs possessed, 1252 To France, 1214
French royal domain, 1180
French royal acquisitions:
1180–1223 1223–1337 English lands
IRELAND
ENGLAND Cambridge
Oxford Canterbury
London
FLANDERS HOLY ROMAN
NORMANDY
BRITTANY CHAMPAGNE BRITTANY Paris
EMPIRE
MAINE
ÎLE- DE- FRANCE
BURGUNDY
NORMANDY MAINE
Atlantic Ocean
100 200 100
ANJOU TOURAINE
Atlantic Ocean
ANJOU
ÎLE-
DE- CHAMPAGNE
FRANCE
BLOIS
BLOIS TOURAINE
POITOU MARCHE BOURBON
Poitiers
Bourges
BURGUNDY BOURBON
Lyons
LANGUEDOC Avignon TOULOUSE
Toulouse
POITOU
AQUITAINE PERIGORD
GASCONY 300 Kilometers
200 Miles
AUVERGNE
Bordeaux GASCONY
AQUITAINE
0 0
NAVARRE
MAP 10.1 England and France (1154–1337): (left) England and Its French Holdings; (right) Growth of the French State. King Philip II Augustus of France greatly expanded the power of the Capetian royal family through his victories over the Plantagenet monarchy of England, which enabled Philip to gain control over much of north-central France.
Q How might the English Channel have made it more difficult for the English kings to rule their French possessions?
SPAIN
of the later Crusades, but both were failures, and he met his death during an invasion of North Africa.
PHILIP IV AND THE ESTATES-GENERAL One of Louis’s suc- cessors, Philip IV the Fair (1285–1314), was particu- larly effective in strengthening the French monarchy. The machinery of government became even more special- ized. French kings going back to the early Capetians had possessed a household staff for running their affairs. Over time, however, this household staff was enlarged and divided into three groups to form three major branches of royal administration: a council for advice, a chamber of accounts for finances, and the Parlement
(par-luh-MAHNH) or royal court (the French Parlement was not the same as the English Parliament). By the be- ginning of the fourteenth century, the Capetians had established an efficient royal bureaucracy.
Philip IV also brought a French parliament into being by summoning representatives of the three estates, or classes—the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (Second Estate), and the townspeople (Third Estate)—to meet with him. They did so in 1302, inaugurating the Estates- General, the first French parliament, although it had lit- tle real power. By the end of the thirteenth century, France was the largest, wealthiest, and best-governed monarchical state in Europe.
226 Chapter 10 The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power
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