Page 311 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

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Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam on the Sistine Chapel ceiling
CHAPTER OUTLINE
AND FOCUS QUESTIONS
Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
Q What characteristics distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages?
The Making of Renaissance Society
Q What major social changes occurred during the Renaissance?
The Italian States in the Renaissance
Q How did Machiavelli’s works reflect the political realities of Renaissance Italy?
The Intellectual Renaissance in Italy
Q What was humanism, and what effect did it have on philosophy, education, and attitudes toward politics?
The Artistic Renaissance
Q What were the chief characteristics of Renaissance art, and how did it differ in Italy and northern Europe?
The European State in the Renaissance
Q Why do historians sometimes refer to the monarchies of the late fifteenth century as “new monarchies” or “Renaissance states”?
The Church in the Renaissance
Q What were the policies of the Renaissance popes, and what impact did those policies have on the Roman Catholic Church?
CRITICAL THINKING
Q How did Renaissance art and the humanist movement reflect the political, economic, and social developments of the period?
CONNECTIONS TO TODAY
Q How does the concept of the Renaissance have relevance to the early twenty-first century?
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WERE THE FOURTEENTH and fifteenth centuries a continuation of the Middle Ages or the beginning of a new era? Both positions can be defended. Although the disintegrative patterns of the fourteenth century continued into the fifteenth, at the same time there were elements of recovery that made the fifteenth century a period of significant political, economic, artistic, and intellectual change. The humanists or intellectuals of the age considered
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Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican State //Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY