Page 339 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

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Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century
A nineteenth-century engraving showing Luther before the Diet of Worms
CHAPTER OUTLINE
AND FOCUS QUESTIONS
Prelude to Reformation
Q What were the chief ideas of the Christian humanists, and how did they differ from the ideas of the Protestant reformers?
Martin Luther and the Reformation in
Germany
Q What were Martin Luther’s main disagreements with the Roman Catholic Church, and what political, economic, and social conditions help explain why the movement he began spread so quickly across Europe?
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation
Q What were the main tenets of Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Anabaptism, and Calvinism, and how did they differ from each other and from Catholicism? What impact did political, economic, and social conditions have on the development of these four reform movements?
The Social Impact of the Protestant
Reformation
Q What impact did the Protestant Reformation have on society in the sixteenth century?
The Catholic Reformation
Q What measures did the Roman Catholic Church take to reform itself and to combat Protestantism in the sixteenth century?
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the
Sixteenth Century
Q What role did politics, economic and social conditions, and religion play in the European wars of the sixteenth century?
CRITICAL THINKING
Q Where and how did the reform movements take hold, and how did the emergence of these reform movements affect the political and social realms where they were adopted?
CONNECTIONS TO TODAY
Q How are the religious controversies of the sixteenth century related to religious and social conditions in the Western world today?
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