Page 369 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

A Portuguese expeditions, 1430s–1480s
B Dias, 1487–1488
C Da Gama, 1497–1499
D Portuguese voyages to the East, 1509–1514 E Columbus’s first voyage, 1492
F Columbus’s three successive voyages, 1493–1502 G Voyages attended by Vespucci, 1499–1502
H Magellan–Del Cano, 1519–1522
I Cabot, 1497
Principal Voyages of Discovery
I PORTUGAL
Azores
Bristol
Lisbon SPAIN
Cádiz JAPAN
Canary Ceuta Islands
E
F Cape
Verde
PERSIA Ormuz
CHINA Canton
Nagasaki
NEW SPAIN
CUBA Tenochtitlán
(Mexico City)
Diu Goa
D
INDIA Macao Pacific
P a c i f i c
AFRICA
PHILIPPINES Calicut D Manila
Atlantic GOLD
FGCOAST D H
Porto Bello H
G
BRAZIL PERU Potosí Bahia
Elmina
B
C
Colombo CEYLON
I n d i a n Ocean
Malacca
D
O c e a n
A
Bakongo ANGOLA
Mozambique
Zanzibar
O c e a n
Lima
Timor
G
H
Ocean CH
C
0 0
2,000
4,000 2,000
6,000 Kilometers 4,000 Miles
Areas under Spanish control
Spanish trading cities Portuguese trading cities Independent trading cities
Spanish routes Portuguese routes Other routes
Areas under Portuguese control
Line of Demarcation, Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
MAP 14.1 European Discoveries and Possessions in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Desire for wealth was the main motivation of the early explorers, although spreading Christianity was also an important factor. Portugal under Prince Henry the Navigator initiated the first voyages in the early fifteenth century; Spain’s explorations began at the century’s end.
Q Which regions of the globe were primarily explored by Portugal, and which were the main focus of Spain’s voyages?
monopoly on the use of firearms and explosives, but their effective use of naval technology, their heavy guns that could be mounted in the hulls of their sturdy ves- sels, and their tactics gave them military superiority over lightly armed rivals that they were able to exploit until the arrival of other European forces several decades later.
Voyages to the New World
While the Portuguese were seeking access to the spice trade of the Indies by sailing eastward through the
Indian Ocean, the Spanish were attempting to reach the same destination by sailing westward across the Atlantic. Although the Spanish came to overseas dis- covery and exploration after the initial efforts of the Portuguese, their greater resources enabled them to establish a far grander and quite different overseas empire.
An important figure in the history of Spanish explo- ration was an Italian known as Christopher Columbus (1451-1506). Knowledgeable Europeans were aware that the world was round but had little understanding
New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires 331
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