Page 379 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

CHINA
VIETNAM
0 0
500
1,000 500
1,500 Kilometers 1,000 Miles
throughout the Indian Ocean, including the island of Ceylon (today’s Sri Lanka), and seized Malacca in 1641. The aggressive Dutch drove the English traders out of the spice market as well.
The Dutch also began to consolidate their political and military control over the entire area. On the island of Java, where they had established a fort at Batavia (buh-TAY-vee-uh) (modern Jakarta) in 1619, the Dutch found that it was necessary to bring the inland regions under their control to protect their position. On Java and the neighboring island of Sumatra, the Dutch East India Company, which had been founded in 1602, established pepper plantations, which soon became the source of massive profits for Dutch merchants in Amsterdam. By the end of the eighteenth century, the Dutch had succeeded in bring- ing almost the entire Indonesian archipelago under their control.
Europe in Asia. As Europeans began to move into parts of Asia, they reproduced many of the physical surroundings of their homeland in the port cities they built there. This is evident in comparing these two scenes. Below is a seventeenth-century view of Batavia, which the Dutch built as their headquarters on the northern coast of Java in 1619. The scene at the left is from a sixteenth-century engraving of Amsterdam. This Dutch city had become the financial and commercial capital of Europe and was also the chief port for the ships of the Dutch East India Company, which carried the spices of the East to Europe.
BURMA
Macao
THAILAND
Bangkok
CAMBODIA
Malay Peninsula
Malacca
Sumatra
Batavia (Jakarta)
South Manila China Philippines
Sea
Pacific Ocean
Mekong River Delta
M
M
BRUNEI SARAWAK
Borneo
Java
Spice Islands (Moluccas)
TIMOR
NEW GUINEA
Southeast Asia, ca. 1700
During the next fifty years, the Dutch occupied most of the Portuguese coastal forts along the trade routes
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New Rivals on the World Stage 341
The Art Archive at Art Resource, NY Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library