Page 64 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

Key Terms
Paleolithic Age (p. 3) Neolithic Revolution (p. 4) patriarchy (p. 5)
Bronze Age (p. 6) civilization (p. 6)
ziggurat (p. 7)
Suggestions for Further Reading
THE PREHISTORIC WORLD For a brief but sound survey, see I. Tattersall, The World from Beginnings to 4000 B.C.E. (Oxford, 2008). The following works are also of considerable value in examining the prehistory of humankind: S. Mithen, After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000–5000 B.C. (Cambridge, Mass., 2006), and N. Wade, Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors (New York, 2006). On the role of women in prehistory, see J. M. Adovasio, O. Soffer, and J. Page, The Invisible Sex: Uncovering the True Roles of Women in Prehistory (New York, 2007).
THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST An excellent reference tool on the ancient Near East can be found in P. Bienkowski and A. Mil- ward, eds., Dictionary of the Ancient Near East (Philadelphia, 2000). For a detailed survey, see A. Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East, c. 3000–330 B.C., 2 vols. (London, 1995). A brief recent survey can be found in M. van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 B.C., 2d ed. (Oxford, 2006). G. Leick, The Babylonians (London, 2003), provides an over- view of the peoples of ancient Mesopotamia.
Notes
1. J.-M. Chauvet et al., Dawn of Art: The Chauvet Cave (New York, 1996), pp. 49–50.
2. Quoted in A. Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East, c. 3000–330 B.C. (London, 1995), vol. 1, p. 68.
3. Quoted in Michael Wood, Legacy: The Search for Ancient Culture (New York, 1995), p. 69.
4. Quoted in M. van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 B.C. (Oxford, 2004), p. 106.
5. T. Jacobsen, “Mesopotamia,” in Before Philosophy, ed. H. Frankfort et al. (Baltimore, 1949), p. 139.
theocracy (p. 8) polytheistic (p. 12) divination (p. 13) cuneiform (p. 15) hieroglyphics (p. 20)
A beautifully illustrated survey of ancient Mesopotamia can be found in M. Roaf, Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East (New York, 1996). The world of the Sumerians is examined in H. Crawford, Sumer and the Sumerians, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 2004). On the spiritual perspec- tive of ancient Mesopotamia, see J. Bottero, Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia (Chicago, 2001). On daily life, see S. Bertman,
Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia (New York, 2003).
ANCIENT EGYPT For an excellent introduction to ancient Egypt, see T. Wilkinson, The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt (New York, 2010). Other general surveys include I. Shaw, ed., The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (New York, 2000), and D. J. Brewer, Ancient Egypt: Foundations of a Civilization (New York, 2005), on Egypt before the period of the Old Kingdom. Egyp- tian religion is covered in J. Assmann, The Search for God in An- cient Egypt, trans. D. Lorton (Ithaca, N.Y., 2001). An important study on women is G. Robins, Women in Ancient Egypt (Cam- bridge, Mass., 1993). Daily life can be examined in E. Strouhal, Life of the Ancient Egyptians (Norman, Okla., 1992).
6. J. B. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, 3d ed. (Princeton, N.J., 1969), p. 372.
7. Quoted in M. Covensky, The Ancient Near Eastern Tradition (New York, 1966), p. 51.
8. Quoted in B. G. Trigger, B. J. Kemp, D. O’Connor, and A. B. Lloyd, Ancient Egypt: A Social History (Cambridge, 1983), p. 74.
9. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 34.
10. Ibid., p. 36.
11. Quoted in R.-M. Hagen and R. Hagen, Egypt: People, Gods,
Pharaohs (Cologne, 2002), p. 148.
12. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 420.
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
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