Page 194 - Sociology and You

164 Unit 2 Culture and Social Structures
The Dark
Side of
Workplace
Technology
According to a business visionary, one of the most important changes that will occur in the postindustrial workplace is the “vir- tual organization.” The virtual organization is a workplace of digital technologies, wireless transfer of information, computer networks, and telecommuting. In this picture, the worker has more freedom, inde- pendence, and job satisfaction than ever before (Barner, 1996).
If this optimistic view of new technology is correct, workers in high- tech jobs should be much happier than employees doing low-tech work. However, in a survey of 1,509 workers in California’s Silicon Valley (an area where high-tech industry is concentrated), researchers found no differences in job satisfaction between employees in high- tech companies and those in more traditional manufacturing firms. They also found that there are still large social class differences within the workplace. These findings challenge the belief that work in high- tech society will be more satisfying and economically fair (Gamst and Otten, 1992).
Other researchers found that job security decreases in high-tech positions. Employees are forced to learn new skills and upgrade pres- ent skills throughout their careers; lifelong learning is the key to eco- nomic survival. Management positions are also at risk. Functions that managers have been performing for centuries, such as decision mak- ing and training, will be done by technology rather than humans.
Another feature of the high-tech workplace is the use of technology to monitor employee performance. This practice can make employees feel helpless, manipulated, and exploited. Many workers feel that their
managers are spying on them, constantly looking over their shoulders (Barner, 1996). In fact, there has been a dramatic rise in employer workplace surveillance. Over two-thirds of U.S. companies now engage in electronic cybersnooping of employees: re- viewing e-mail, examining computer files, documenting web sites visited each day (Naughton, 1999). How would you feel if all of your actions at work were being monitored by a com- puter, creating a record of your behavior that can be replayed and reexamined? (Remember the discussion in Chapter 2
about the ethics of researchers’ use of video cameras.) Digitally based technology offers many benefits. It has boosted productivity and created many new employment opportunities. Like any technology that has wide-ranging ef- fects on society, there are some undesirable consequences. Postindustrial societies are just beginning to deal with the dark side of
a very bright technology.
Analyzing the Trends
1. Which theoretical perspective do you think underlies this research and speculation? Indicate specific features of the research to sup- port your conclusions.
2. Does the use of technology to monitor employees clash with any values in American society? Explain.
A video camera has been implanted inside the smoke detector above. These tiny cameras are part of the technological revolution that is currently changing society. Would you want one of these in your school?