Page 446 - Sociology and You

CHAPTER 12 ASSESSMENT
Summary
Section 1: Development and Structure of
Education
Main Idea: Schools are becoming more bureau- cratic. Advocates of open classrooms and cooper- ative learning contend that bureaucratically run schools fail to take into account the emotional and creative needs of individual children.
Section 2: Functionalist Perspective
Main Idea: Functionalists see the emergence of the educational institution as a response to soci- ety’s needs. The manifest functions of education include transmission of culture, creation of a common identity, selection and screening of tal- ent, and promotion of personal growth and de- velopment. Schools also serve latent functions.
Section 3: Conflict Perspective
Main Idea: In theory, America is a meritocracy in which social status is achieved. Proponents of the conflict perspective identify flaws in this model by pointing to inequality in our schools. Methods and programs aimed at promoting educational equality have been developed.
Section 4: Symbolic Interactionism
Main Idea: Symbolic interactionists emphasize the socialization that occurs in schools. Through the hidden curriculum, children are taught values, norms, beliefs,
Reviewing Vocabulary
Complete each sentence using each term once.
a. open-classroom model
e.
educational equality multiculturalism hidden curriculum self-fulfilling prophecy
f. c. tracking h.
d. meritocracy 1.
b. cooperative
learning g.
is a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true.
and attitudes. Much of this so- cialization helps young people make the transi- tion from home to a larger society.
Self-Check Quiz
Visit the Sociology and You Web site at soc.glencoe.com and click on Chapter 12—Self- Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test.
2. A nonbureaucratic classroom structure in which students study in groups is called
.
3. An educational curriculum that accents the
viewpoints, experiences, and contributions of
minorities is called .
4. is equality defined in terms of
the effects or results of schooling.
5. Placing students in curricula consistent with ex-
pectations for their eventual occupations is
called .
6. is social status based on achieve-
ment rather than social class or parental class. 7. includes discipline, order, co-
operation, and conformity.
8. did away with the sharp au-
thoritarian line between teacher and students.
Reviewing the Facts
1. A student is told by teachers that he will not amount to anything. He then begins to fail sub- jects he has normally passed. What term would sociologists use to describe this occurrence?
2. Explain the difference between a manifest func- tion of education and a latent function of edu- cation. Give three examples of each function.
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FUNCTION
Manifest
Latent
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3