Page 591 - Sociology and You

CHAPTER 16 ASSESSMENT
Summary
Section 1: The Dynamics of Demography
Main Idea: Demography is the scientific study of
population. The collection of population data is very important today, in part because of its use by government and industry. Demographers consider three population processes when looking at pop- ulation change: fertility, mortality, and migration.
Section 2: World Population
Main Idea: Thomas Malthus (1798) predicted that population size would ultimately outstrip the food supply, resulting in mass starvation and death. The demographic transition theory looks at eco- nomic development to predict population pat- terns. While the rate of world population growth is slowing, the world’s population will continue to increase for many years.
Section 3: The Urban Transition
Main Idea: The first preindustrial cities devel- oped in fertile areas where surplus food could be growth. With the Industrial Revolution came a major increase in the rate of urbanization. The de- velopment of factories was an especially impor- tant influence on the location of cities. Urbanization in developed and developing na- tions has occurred at different speeds. The United States is now primarily a suburban nation.
Section 4: Urban Ecology
Main Idea: Urban ecologists have developed four major theories of
city growth: con-
centric zone the-
Reviewing Vocabulary
Complete each sentence using each term once.
a. demography
b. fertility
c. fecundity
d. crude birth rate e. fertility rate
f. mortality 1.
g. crude death rate
h. infant mortality rate i. migration
j. doubling time
k. replacement level l. urban ecology
is the number of children born to a woman or a population of women.
ory, sector theory, multiple nuclei theory, and pe- ripheral theory.
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Self-Check Quiz
Visit the Sociology and You Web site at soc.glencoe.com and click on Chapter 16—Self- Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test.
2. The annual number of live births per one thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four is called .
3. refers to the deaths within a population.
4. The annual number of deaths per one thou- sand members of a population is called
.
5. is the annual number of
deaths among infants under the age of one
per one thousand live births.
6. The number of years needed to double the
base population is known as the .
7. is the birth rate at which a couple replaces itself without adding to the population.
8. The scientific study of population is called .
9. The study of relationships between humans and their city environments is called
.
10. is the movement of people
from one geographic area to another.
11. The annual number of live births per one
thousand members of a population is called .
12. is the maximum rate at which women can physically produce children.