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Racial Composition of Players
in Men’s Professional Leagues and the WNBA
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
g
White Black
Hispanic Other
WNBA MLS
NHL MLB
NFL NBA
Source: Lapchick, Richard E., and Kevin J. Matthews (1998). “1998 Racial and Gender Report Card.” Boston: Northeastern University’s Center for the Study of Sport in Society.
40% 30% 20% 10%
0% -10% -20% -30%
Source: Toma, J. Douglas, and Michael E. Cross (1998). “Intercollegiate Athletics and Student College Choice: Exploring the Impact of Championship Seasons on Undergraduate Applications.” Research in Higher Education 39, 633—661.
Percentage Increase in Applications to Colleges and Universities in the Three Years Following a National Championship
Football Basketball
A-12 Sociology Databank
1979 1980
Alabama Michigan State
1981 1982
Clemson Indiana
Penn State
1983 1984 1985
North Carolina Miami
1986
Villanova Penn State
1987 1988
Miami Indiana
1989 1990 1991 1992
Kansas Michigan
Georgia Tech Washington
Georgia Louisville
UNLV
NC State BYU
Georgetown Oklahoma
Louisville
Notre Dame Miami
Duke Alabama Duke
