Page 13 - 2015 march - april

2015 ud¾;= - wfm%a,a
fidlalka f,dlalka jQ j.hs
foAYmd,kfha úúO wdkafoda<kd;aul l;d ujhs'
úfgl weia ks,xldr jk w;r úgl woyd.;
fkdyelsj fndfyda fõ,djla l,amkd lsßug
isÿfõ' ;j;a úfgl iskd Wmojk m%jD;a;sj,ska
msÍhhs' krUkakks" Tn krUkafkla jkf;lau
fï wdldrhg fyda óg jvd foaj,a Tn bÈßfha r`.
±lafjkjd fkdwkqudkh' b;ska krUkakks" uola
ì%;dkHhka ,dxlSh Okm;s ,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdofha
l,amkd lrkak fï fõÈldj ldf.a o@ fï fõÈldfõ
whs;slrejka ljryqo@ Tn isákafka ke/ôug
muKla fkdj Tng o /`.±laùug whs;sh we;' wms
úYajdi lruq foaYmd,k rx. N=ñfha Tn ksy`vj
isák;dla ;jflla ùrhka ù Tn ÿIagfhla lrkjd
fkdwkqudkh' fïh b;sydi l;djls' wms bÈßfha
fmfkk fuu k,shk foaYmd,k pß; bfí my<
jqfha ke;' Tjqka foaj lreKdjg my< jqfjda
fkdfj;s' we;af;kau Tjqka Tn yryd Tjqkaf.a
f,dalh ks¾udKh lr .;af;ah'
Ys% úl%u rdcisx. rcqf.ka miq ì%;dkH wêrdcHjdÈka
ish;g .;af;ah' bka wk;=rej ,xldfõ N+ñh Tjqkag
ßis fia fld,a, lE w;r ,dxlSlhkaf.a Y%uh Tjqkaf.a
iqÅ; uqÈ; cSú;h mj;ajd .ekSug fhdod
.;af;ah' m%xYh" wefußldj" bkaÈhdj"
úhÜkduh jf.a ,xlSlhka Bg
úreoaOj wr., lf<dah'
lrk ,o wr., b;sydi mdvu
bÈßhg
fkd.sh w;r fndfyda
tajd mrdchg m;aúh'
Okjdoh ia:dms; l<
mka;sh f.dvkexùh' tu
Okm;s mka;sh iEnúkau
wêrdcH .e;s l¿ iqoaokau
úh' fudjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh
jQfha wêrdcHjdÈkag lïlrejka
fidhd§u" nÿ tl;=lr §u
yd rfÜ iduh mj;ajd f.k
hduh' fï ioyd fudjqkag mvqre
mdlal=vï fkdwvqj ,enqfKah' fï w;r
1800 ueoNd.h jkúg kE.Sf.k wd kj Okm;s
mka;sh fï ioyd jvd iqÿiafida hEhs mdrï ndkakg
úh' Tjqka fkdfhla jr uka;%K iNdjg hdug
wdhdpkdlr isáfhah' fudjqka lsisod fudjqkf.a iqr
iem ú§ug oyila jo fõokd úÈk mSä;hkla .ek
tl jpfkl=ÿ l;d lf<a ke;' ta jf.au
mSvs;hka úiska we/ô igka u¾okh lsßug
odhl;ajh iemhSh'
1848 le/,a, wef,laiekav¾ m%kdkaÿ fyj;a
mqrka wmamqf.a kdhl;ajfhka we/ôh'
fuu wr.,h mekkekaf.a yqÿ úfrdaOhla
mokï fldgf.k fkdfõ' th ,xldfõ
cd;sl jHdmdrfha uq,sl wä;d,u úh'
Bg oyia .Kka ñksiqka ixúOkh jq w;r
ì%;dkHhkag oreKq f,i myr t,a<
lrk ,È' wr.,h kj;d ±óug
ì%;dkHhkag ±ä fjfyila
.ekSug isÿúh' wêrdcHjdÈkag
wrlal= f¾kao lrejkaf.a
Wmldrh óg Wmfhda.s úh'
tfiau uqo,sjrekaf.a odhl;ajh
we;sj 1848 le/,a, u¾okh
lf<ah' mqrka wmamq urd ±uq w;r
Tyqf.a fidfydahqrd isrlr ;nk
,È'
bkamiq jir .Kkdjla hk;=re
,xldfõ wr.,hla mek
fkdkexf.ah' kuq;a 1890
j¾Ih w;sYHfhkau
ì%;dkH wêrdcHjdÈkaf.ka ,efnk mvqre mdlal=vï
muKs' tajd ,nd.ekSu ioyd ´kEu l%shdjla lsßug Tjq
05 fldgi''' ieriS isáfhah'
1908 § fcaïia mSßia m%ldYlr isáfha
;SrKd;aulh' fld<U k.rfha we;sjqKq m<uqjk —wms fndfydafokd j;=jeú,slrefjda fjuq' furgg
lïlre wr.,h Okm;ska yd ì%;dkH wêrdcHjdÈka m%d.aOkh /f.k tau .ek o wm ish¨fokd iuDoaêh
fi,ùug iu;aúh' tfy;a Okm;s mka;sh fuu lrd t<fUk udj; fmkajd§u §u .ek o ì%;dkH
l%shdj fy<d olsñka l;dlrkakg jqfhah' Tjqka th jeú,slrejkag wms Kh .e;sfjuq' ,dxlsl j;=jeú,s
ìo±óu ioyd l< yels iEu fohlau ì%;dkHhka iu. lrejkaf.a Wjukdj yd hqfrdamSh jeú,slrejkaf.a
tl;=j lf<ah' frÈ fydaok ia:dk ,shdmÈxÑ lsßug Wjukdj i¾jiu fõ'˜
wod< kS;shg úreoaOj 1896 § frÈ wmq,a,kakkaf.a fcaïia mSßia ksfhdackh lf<a ke.sf.k tk Okm;s
jevj¾ckh 700l muK msßilf.ka ixúOkh ùh' mka;sfha msßih' Tyq ;¾llr isáfha
fuu j¾ckhg Rcqj fid,uka vhia nKavdrkdhl hqfrdamSh j;= jeú,s lrejka iy ,dxlSh
uyuqo,s iïnkaO úh' Tyq kS;sh wfydais lsßug j;=jeú,s lrejka iudk
bv fkdÈ fjk;a WmamrjeÜáhla fhoùh' i;s jk njh' Tjqkag
;=kl ld,hla ;u whs;Ska fjkqfjka wr.,l< ;sfnkafka tlu
lïlrejka u¾okhg b;d iqlaIuj wêrdcHjdÈka wruqKla njh'
fhdod.;af;a nKavdrkdhljhs' we;af;kau
—Ⱦ> idlÉPdfjka miq h,s th ksjerÈh'
jevmgka .ekSug Tjqyq fndfyda
tl. jqy' iuqyhla W.;=ka
jYfhka ud úh;=ka
msgqmi hehs lshd
.kakd
msßia
fudjqkaf.a
we;a; Wjukdj
m%lYlr isákafka
ke;' fudjqka ish¨ fokd tla
mka;shla ksfhdackh lrhs' Tjqkaf.a
;SrK Tjqkaf.a yeiSÍu Tjqkaf.a mka;sh
/l.eñu ioyd muKs' fu;=jla l,a Okm;s mka;sh
k.r ksfhdackh l< md,lfhda ks¾Ok mdka;slhkaf.a
Yd,dj wjYH;d ksfhdackh fkdlf<ah' ieuúgu fudjqkag
lrd .ukafldg jqjukd jqfKa flfiakï ;u mka;sfha n,h
fr.=,dis wkqj l%shdl<y' /l.kakjdo hkak muKs' fïu jljdkqj jkúg
u úiska fok ,o fuu wdOdrhg ñksrka m;,a lïlrefjda 15"000 la isáfhah' jdrh
mqrm;sjrhd ug fnfyúka ia;+;slf<ah'˜ wY%s; lïlrejka oyilg wdikak ixLHdjla úh' j;=
^fidf,duka vhia nKavdrkdhl 1929 ;u cSú;h jeú,s lïlrefjda ,laI .Kkla úh' .e,alrefjda"
isyslrñka ,shkl ,o f,aLk& lr;a;lrefjda" fndÜgq idokafkda" f.dõfhda ,laI.
1906 j¾IfhaÈ fld<U lr;a;lrejka 5000 igkaldñ Kkla úh' Okm;shkaf.a uyd ±jeka; ksfjiaj,
wr.,hla wdrïN lf<ah' th ch.%yKfhka ksuúh' fidÉpï mähg fyda mä rys;j úYd, msßila mSvdjg
tfy;a fid,uka vhia kï Okm;shdg fuh wefya m;afjñka isáfhah' fï w;r mSä;hkaf.a msgg f¾kao
lgq wefkkakdla úh' Tyq m%ldY lf<a noao hyñka mgjd ;sìKs' wrlal= f¾kaoh rg mqrd
—fld<U kug flreKq le; wmydihla njhs˜ hyñka wdodhu f.k fokakla úh' fudjqka lsisúfgl
^fidf,duka vhia nKavdrkdhl 1929 ;u cSú;h mSä;hkaf.a ±fjk m%Yak fjkqfjka l;dlf<a ke;'
isyslrñka ,shkl ,o f,aLk& we;af;kau Tjqkg th wjYH fkdùh' fudjqka iqjp
,xldfõ Okm;s mka;sh wêrdcHjdÈkag iyfhda.h lSlre n¨l=lalka fia ùks;j wêrdcHjdÈkaf.a
,ndÿkafka lïlre"f.ú ler,s j,sÈ muKla jqjukd tmdlï bgqlr ÿkafkah'
fkdj 1914 m<uq f,dal hqo iufhaÈ ì%;dkH fufia wm lshkafka ,xldfõ
wêrdcHjdÈkag lror fkdlr mlaImd;s;ajh m%ldY m%cd;ka;%jdofha l;djhs' ;j;a
flf<ah' rdcmdlaIslNdjh fmkaùug wka fj,djla fï whqßka Tng is;d .ekSug
fkdue;s nj m%ldY lrñka fudjqka lghq;= mjd fkdyels isÿùï .Kkdjla
lf<ah' jHjia:dodhl uka;%K indfõÈ —rcqg yd wm fï l;dj iu`. fy<s
rdcHhg˜ mlaImd;s;ajh m,lrñka fhdackdjla lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'
iïu; lf<dah' fï ioyd foaYsh ksfhdacs;fhda úfYaIfhka wm fuu ,shuk ;=<ska
o tldfuka Bg iïnkaO úh' we;af;kau n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka
,xldfõ Okm;s mka;shg m%cd;ka;%jdoh .ek
lsisúfgl ks¾Ok jyisnia fodvjk
mka;shla mSvdúÈk ,xldfõ Bkshd
;j;a ñksiqka isák Okm;s ,snr,a
njla fmfkkakg uy;=kaaf.a
fkdùh' Tjqka flrejdj Tn
iEu úgu fj; f.k
me;=fõ tauh' ta
ksid ,nk
l,dmh
f;la /£ isákak'