Page 13 - 2015 march - april
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2015  ud¾;= - wfm%a,a
        fidlalka f,dlalka jQ j.hs                                                                         ì%;dkH wêrdcHjdÈkaf.ka ,efnk mvqre mdlal=vï
                                                                                                          muKs' tajd ,nd.ekSu ioyd ´kEu l%shdjla lsßug Tjq

                                                                                           05 fldgi'''    ieriS isáfhah'
                                                                                                          1908 § fcaïia mSßia m%ldYlr isáfha
        foAYmd,kfha úúO wdkafoda<kd;aul l;d ujhs'        ;SrKd;aulh' fld<U k.rfha we;sjqKq m<uqjk         —wms fndfydafokd j;=jeú,slrefjda fjuq' furgg
        úfgl weia ks,xldr jk w;r úgl woyd.;              lïlre wr.,h Okm;ska yd ì%;dkH wêrdcHjdÈka        m%d.aOkh /f.k tau .ek o wm ish¨fokd iuDoaêh
        fkdyelsj fndfyda fõ,djla l,amkd lsßug            fi,ùug iu;aúh' tfy;a Okm;s mka;sh fuu            lrd t<fUk udj; fmkajd§u §u .ek o ì%;dkH
        isÿfõ' ;j;a úfgl iskd Wmojk m%jD;a;sj,ska        l%shdj fy<d olsñka l;dlrkakg jqfhah' Tjqka th    jeú,slrejkag wms Kh .e;sfjuq' ,dxlsl j;=jeú,s
        msÍhhs' krUkakks" Tn krUkafkla jkf;lau           ìo±óu ioyd l< yels iEu fohlau ì%;dkHhka iu.      lrejkaf.a Wjukdj yd hqfrdamSh jeú,slrejkaf.a
        fï wdldrhg fyda óg jvd foaj,a Tn bÈßfha r`.      tl;=j lf<ah' frÈ fydaok ia:dk ,shdmÈxÑ lsßug     Wjukdj i¾jiu fõ'˜
        ±lafjkjd fkdwkqudkh' b;ska krUkakks" uola        wod< kS;shg úreoaOj 1896 § frÈ wmq,a,kakkaf.a    fcaïia mSßia ksfhdackh lf<a ke.sf.k tk Okm;s
        ì%;dkHhka ,dxlSh Okm;s ,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdofha
        l,amkd lrkak fï fõÈldj ldf.a o@ fï fõÈldfõ       jevj¾ckh 700l muK msßilf.ka ixúOkh ùh'           mka;sfha msßih'  Tyq        ;¾llr isáfha
        whs;slrejka ljryqo@ Tn isákafka    ke/ôug        fuu j¾ckhg Rcqj fid,uka vhia nKavdrkdhl          hqfrdamSh j;= jeú,s          lrejka iy ,dxlSh
        muKla fkdj Tng o /`.±laùug whs;sh we;' wms       uyuqo,s iïnkaO úh' Tyq kS;sh wfydais lsßug       j;=jeú,s                      lrejka iudk
        úYajdi lruq foaYmd,k rx. N=ñfha Tn ksy`vj        bv fkdÈ fjk;a WmamrjeÜáhla fhoùh' i;s            jk                             njh' Tjqkag
        isák;dla ;jflla ùrhka ù Tn ÿIagfhla lrkjd        ;=kl ld,hla ;u whs;Ska fjkqfjka wr.,l<                                           ;sfnkafka tlu
        fkdwkqudkh' fïh b;sydi l;djls' wms bÈßfha        lïlrejka u¾okhg b;d iqlaIuj wêrdcHjdÈka                                           wruqKla njh'
        fmfkk fuu k,shk foaYmd,k pß; bfí my<             fhdod.;af;a nKavdrkdhljhs'                                                        we;af;kau
        jqfha ke;' Tjqka foaj lreKdjg my< jqfjda         —Ⱦ> idlÉPdfjka miq h,s                                                            th ksjerÈh'
        fkdfj;s' we;af;kau Tjqka Tn yryd Tjqkaf.a        jevmgka .ekSug Tjqyq                                                                fndfyda
        f,dalh ks¾udKh lr .;af;ah'                       tl. jqy' iuqyhla                                                                     W.;=ka
        Ys% úl%u rdcisx. rcqf.ka miq ì%;dkH wêrdcHjdÈka   jYfhka ud                                                                            úh;=ka
        ish;g .;af;ah' bka wk;=rej ,xldfõ N+ñh Tjqkag    msgqmi                                                                                 hehs lshd
        ßis fia fld,a, lE w;r ,dxlSlhkaf.a Y%uh Tjqkaf.a                                                                                         .kakd
        iqÅ; uqÈ; cSú;h mj;ajd .ekSug fhdod                                                                                                       msßia
        .;af;ah' m%xYh" wefußldj" bkaÈhdj"
        úhÜkduh jf.a ,xlSlhka Bg
        úreoaOj wr., lf<dah'                                                                                                                  fudjqkaf.a
        lrk ,o wr.,                       b;sydi mdvu                                                                                  we;a; Wjukdj
        bÈßhg                                                                                                                    m%lYlr isákafka
        fkd.sh w;r fndfyda                                                                                                 ke;' fudjqka ish¨ fokd tla
        tajd mrdchg m;aúh'                                                                                           mka;shla ksfhdackh lrhs' Tjqkaf.a
        Okjdoh ia:dms; l<                                                                                      ;SrK Tjqkaf.a yeiSÍu Tjqkaf.a mka;sh
                                                                                                          /l.eñu ioyd muKs' fu;=jla l,a Okm;s mka;sh
        mka;sh f.dvkexùh' tu                                                                      k.r     ksfhdackh l< md,lfhda ks¾Ok mdka;slhkaf.a
        Okm;s mka;sh iEnúkau                                                               Yd,dj          wjYH;d ksfhdackh fkdlf<ah' ieuúgu fudjqkag
        wêrdcH .e;s l¿ iqoaokau                                                      lrd .ukafldg         jqjukd jqfKa flfiakï ;u mka;sfha n,h
        úh' fudjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh                                                fr.=,dis wkqj l%shdl<y'    /l.kakjdo hkak muKs' fïu jljdkqj jkúg
        jQfha wêrdcHjdÈkag lïlrejka                                      u úiska fok ,o fuu wdOdrhg       ñksrka m;,a lïlrefjda 15"000 la isáfhah' jdrh
        fidhd§u" nÿ tl;=lr §u                                      mqrm;sjrhd ug fnfyúka ia;+;slf<ah'˜    wY%s; lïlrejka oyilg wdikak ixLHdjla úh' j;=
        yd rfÜ iduh mj;ajd f.k                               ^fidf,duka vhia nKavdrkdhl 1929 ;u cSú;h     jeú,s lïlrefjda ,laI .Kkla úh' .e,alrefjda"
        hduh' fï ioyd fudjqkag mvqre                     isyslrñka ,shkl ,o f,aLk&                        lr;a;lrefjda" fndÜgq idokafkda" f.dõfhda ,laI.
        mdlal=vï fkdwvqj ,enqfKah' fï            w;r     1906 j¾IfhaÈ fld<U lr;a;lrejka 5000 igkaldñ      Kkla úh' Okm;shkaf.a uyd ±jeka; ksfjiaj,
        1800 ueoNd.h jkúg kE.Sf.k wd       kj Okm;s      wr.,hla wdrïN lf<ah' th ch.%yKfhka ksuúh'        fidÉpï mähg fyda mä rys;j úYd, msßila mSvdjg
        mka;sh fï ioyd jvd iqÿiafida hEhs mdrï ndkakg    tfy;a fid,uka vhia kï Okm;shdg fuh wefya         m;afjñka isáfhah' fï w;r mSä;hkaf.a msgg f¾kao
        úh' Tjqka fkdfhla jr uka;%K iNdjg hdug           lgq wefkkakdla úh' Tyq m%ldY lf<a                noao hyñka mgjd ;sìKs' wrlal= f¾kaoh rg mqrd
        wdhdpkdlr isáfhah' fudjqka lsisod fudjqkf.a iqr   —fld<U kug flreKq le; wmydihla njhs˜            hyñka wdodhu f.k fokakla úh' fudjqka lsisúfgl
        iem ú§ug oyila jo fõokd úÈk mSä;hkla .ek         ^fidf,duka vhia nKavdrkdhl 1929 ;u cSú;h         mSä;hkaf.a ±fjk m%Yak fjkqfjka l;dlf<a ke;'
        tl jpfkl=ÿ l;d lf<a ke;' ta jf.au                isyslrñka ,shkl ,o f,aLk&                        we;af;kau Tjqkg th wjYH fkdùh' fudjqka iqjp
        mSvs;hka úiska we/ô igka u¾okh lsßug             ,xldfõ Okm;s mka;sh wêrdcHjdÈkag iyfhda.h        lSlre n¨l=lalka fia ùks;j wêrdcHjdÈkaf.a
        odhl;ajh iemhSh'                                 ,ndÿkafka lïlre"f.ú ler,s j,sÈ muKla             jqjukd tmdlï bgqlr ÿkafkah'
                                                            fkdj 1914 m<uq f,dal hqo iufhaÈ ì%;dkH                   fufia wm lshkafka ,xldfõ
        1848 le/,a, wef,laiekav¾ m%kdkaÿ fyj;a              wêrdcHjdÈkag lror fkdlr mlaImd;s;ajh m%ldY                 m%cd;ka;%jdofha l;djhs' ;j;a
        mqrka wmamqf.a kdhl;ajfhka we/ôh'                   flf<ah' rdcmdlaIslNdjh fmkaùug wka fj,djla                  fï whqßka Tng is;d .ekSug
        fuu wr.,h mekkekaf.a yqÿ úfrdaOhla                  fkdue;s nj m%ldY lrñka fudjqka lghq;=                        mjd fkdyels isÿùï .Kkdjla
        mokï fldgf.k fkdfõ' th ,xldfõ                       lf<ah' jHjia:dodhl uka;%K indfõÈ —rcqg yd                     wm fï l;dj iu`. fy<s
        cd;sl jHdmdrfha uq,sl wä;d,u úh'                    rdcHhg˜ mlaImd;s;ajh m,lrñka fhdackdjla                       lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'
        Bg oyia .Kka ñksiqka ixúOkh jq w;r                  iïu; lf<dah' fï ioyd foaYsh ksfhdacs;fhda                     úfYaIfhka wm fuu ,shuk ;=<ska
        ì%;dkHhkag oreKq f,i myr t,a<                       o     tldfuka Bg iïnkaO úh' we;af;kau                               n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka
        lrk ,È' wr.,h kj;d ±óug                                         ,xldfõ Okm;s mka;shg                                       m%cd;ka;%jdoh .ek
        ì%;dkHhkag ±ä fjfyila                                           lsisúfgl ks¾Ok                                               jyisnia fodvjk
        .ekSug isÿúh' wêrdcHjdÈkag                                       mka;shla mSvdúÈk                                              ,xldfõ Bkshd
        wrlal= f¾kao lrejkaf.a                                           ;j;a ñksiqka isák                                               Okm;s ,snr,a
        Wmldrh óg Wmfhda.s úh'                                             njla fmfkkakg                                                  uy;=kaaf.a
        tfiau uqo,sjrekaf.a odhl;ajh                                        fkdùh' Tjqka                                                    flrejdj Tn
        we;sj 1848 le/,a, u¾okh                                               iEu úgu                                                        fj; f.k
        lf<ah' mqrka wmamq urd ±uq w;r                                         me;=fõ                                                         tauh' ta
        Tyqf.a fidfydahqrd isrlr ;nk                                                                                                          ksid  ,nk
        ,È'                                                                                                                                  l,dmh
        bkamiq jir .Kkdjla hk;=re                                                                                                       f;la /£ isákak'
        ,xldfõ wr.,hla mek
             fkdkexf.ah' kuq;a 1890
                 j¾Ih w;sYHfhkau
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