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 = 1 () 
n n
4.2.4 Drag
ISSN 2309-0103
www.enhsa.net/archidoct Vol. 6 (2) / February 2019
Drag, a direction dependent factor, can be applied to the cells, especially in order to avoid excess cell
movement. Drag, ias mdiraeincltyiounsdeedpteonrdeednutcfeacthtoer,cceallnvebleocaiptyp.lied to the cells, especially in order to avoid excess cell
Drag, a direction dependent factor, can be applied to the cells, especially in order to avoid excess cell
Drag, a direction dependent factor, can be applied to the cells, especially in order to avoid excess cell
 Figure 11: Dr
4.3 Externa orces
 =  () 4.2.4 Drag 
ing
ag
lF
sa
F
ca
 b
   = 
 ∙ 
with , ,  being factors in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 11)
54
movement. Drag is mainly used to reduce the cell velocity.
 ∙   =  ∙ 
 ∙ 

1  =   ( ) 1 
with , ,  be factors in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 11) 1   
Figure 12: Unary force
4.3.2 Position depende4n.3t.2direcPtiosnitiaolnfodercpendent directional force
 =   ( )
4.2.4 Drag
4.2.4 Drag
 ∙ 
movement. Drag is mainly used to reduce the cell velocity. External force re not rela4t.2ed.9to aDcerallg’s cell neighborhood, but usually to the cell’s location in space.
4.3.1 Unary orce movement. Drag is mainly used to reduce the cell velocity.  =∙∙
Drag, a direction dependent factor, can be applied to the cells, especially in order to avoid excess
= ∙ ∙ 
cell movement. Drag is mainly used to reduce the cell velocity.
A unary force n be applied to the cells, for example to simulate gravity:
 =  ∙ 
 with , ,  being factors in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 11)
 ∙ 
with , ,  being factors in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 11) Figure 11: Drag
with a, b, c being factors in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 11)
Figure 11: Drag
with  ,  ,  eing the forces in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 12)

4.3 External Forces
4.3 Ex4Fte.i3grnuarleEFx1otr1ec:erDnsaralgForces
External forces are not related to a cell’s cell neighborhood, but usually to the cell’s location in space.
External forcEexstearneanl fotrcreslataerde tnotarecleallt’esdnteoigahbcoerllh’socoedll, bnuetiguhsbuoarlhlyootod,tbhuetcuesllu’salloyctaotitohne icnesllp’sacloec.ation in space.
4.3.1 Una4r.y3FoErcxeternal Forces
4.3.1 Unary Force
 
4.3.1 Unary Force
External forces are not related to a cell’s cell neighborhood, but usually to the cell’s location in space. A unary force can be applied to the cells, for example to simulate gravity:

A unary force can be applied to the cells, for example to simulate gravity:
4.3.1 Unary Force
A unary force can be applied to the cells, for example to simulate gravity:
 =    = 
A unary force can be applied to the cells, for example to simulate gravity:
 = 
wiith , ,  beiingtthefforrcceessinineeaachCaarrtetessiaiannddirierecctitoion.n((FFigigurre12)).
A position depende vector field  that d


with  ,  ,  being the forces in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 12)

with , ,  being the forces in each Cartesian direction. (Figure 12)
vector field  that defines varying vectors depending on a cell’s position in space. (Figure 13)  = (, , )
A position dependent directional force can be applied to the cells.This force can be given by an ex-
A position dependent directional force can be applied to the cells. This force can be given by an external
ternal vector field V that defines varying vectors depending on a cell’s position in space. (Figure 13)
4.3.3 Object forces
Various external forces and movement restrictions can be applied, such as attraction and repulsion
towards geometric objects, forces or movement restrictions which act within certain areas of the
world space or which act on selected cells (Figure 14).
Figure 12: Unary force
Figure 12: Unary force
4.3.2 Position dependent directional force
vector field A tphoastitdioenfindespevanrdyeingt dvierecctotirosndael pfoerncdeincganonbeaacpeplll’isedpotositihoencinelslsp.aTchei.s(fFoirgcuereca1n3)be given by an exter 4.3.2 Position dependent directional force
vector field  that defines varying vectors depending on a cell’s position in space. (Figure 13)
4.3.2 Position dependent directional force
Figure 12: Unary force
A position dependent directional force can be applied to the cells. This force can be given by an external
 = (, , )

  directional force can be applied
ines varying vectors depending

Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14.
Unary force Position dependent force Object force

= (, , )
 nttoenbyanexter

ef onre13)
the cells. This force can be giv
= (, , )
a cell’s position in space. (Figu
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Cellular Design
Christoph Klemmt
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