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industries to move are retail, motor vehicle repair, the processing industry, and IT. The most popular regions for relocation are the Lviv, Zakarpattia, and Chernivtsi regions.
4.5 Labour and income
4.5.1 Labour market, unemployment dynamics
Unemployment hits 35% in Ukraine. According to the National Bank of Ukraine, the deep economic recession increased unemployment which hit around 35% in the second quarter of 2022. Unemployment is expected to decline but will remain above its natural level due to the long-term effects of Russia’s war, the NBU said.
The Ukrainian Parliament has adopted a law for non-standard forms of employment (freelance). The draft law introduces a new form of employment contract - an employment contract with unfixed working hours. Such employment contracts are introduced as an alternative to civil law contracts. This means that an employee can combine work with several employers legally and have basic social guarantees (sick leave, vacations, sufficient salary level, etc.) The document states that an employer’s number of employment contracts with non-fixed working hours cannot exceed 10% of the total number of employment contracts to which the employer is a party. It also provides that an employer cannot prohibit or create obstacles for an employee who performs work based on an employment contract with unfixed working hours to perform work under another employment contract with another employer.
The outflow of Ukrainian male workers has hit the economies of European countries. Construction sites, factory assembly lines, and warehouses across Central Europe are scrambling to fill vacancies after tens of thousands of Ukrainian men returned to Ukraine to defend it from Russian aggression, Reuters writes. The outflow of Ukrainian personnel has sharply increased the labor shortage in some of the most industrialized countries in Europe. Its primary impact is in the construction, automotive, and heavy industry sectors. The outflow of workers has led to increased costs and delays in production orders and construction work. Before the Russian invasion, Ukrainians were the largest group of foreign workers in Central Europe. According to industry trade groups, about 600,000 Ukrainians worked in Poland and over 200,000 in the Czech Republic.
30 UKRAINE Country Report XXXX 2018 www.intellinews.com