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as the main constructor of the units but there will be several subcontractors as well.
Bulgaria intends to be the sole investor in the two units, securing the financing through Kozloduy’s own funds and a loan taken by the state.
Unit 7 should cost no more than €6bn and is expected to be put into operation in 2032 or 2033, while unit 8 should be completed no later than 2035.
After the two new units are put into operation, Bulgaria should start planning to replace Kozloduy’s existing units 5 and 6, built with Russian technology, with new, modern ones.
The AP1000 reactor is the only operating Generation III+ reactor with fully passive safety systems, modular construction design and has the smallest footprint per MWe on the market.
7.4 Energy & Power - Croatia
Croatia is diversifying its energy supplies, and with the opening of the LNG terminal in Omisalj on the island of Krk has ambitions to become an energy hub for the region.
Amid the energy insecurity across Europe since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in March Croatia and Slovenia agreed to sign a solidarity agreement on gas supply. The agreement will regulate the grounds for implementation of the solidarity mechanism between EU member states to assist in the supply of gas to protected customers in the event of a gas supply crisis.
In October, Croatian oil and gas group INA put its first gas well in Egypt into production. Egypt is an important part of INA’s international operations, with the country’s presence in the country dating back to 1989. The East Damanhur project is INA’s first gas production venture in Egypt.
Following the discovery of gas in the East Damanhur block in the Nile Delta in late 2022, the gas well was integrated into the production system of the nearby Disouq field and commenced production.
The INA Group, headquartered in Zagreb, Croatia, is a prominent player in Croatia's oil sector and holds a significant regional presence in oil and gas exploration, production, refining, and distribution. INA Group oversees various subsidiaries, operating not only in Croatia but also in Angola and Egypt, where it has upstream operations.
The Rijeka Refinery handles oil refining, and sustainable alternative ventures are underway at the Sisak industrial site. INA's retail network encompasses over 500 sites across Croatia and neighbouring nations.
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