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bne July 2024 Companies & Markets I 31
If this is the case, the Russian side must urgently address this problem and stop draining the sea. It is clear that Russia has many other problems, and it is a vast country surrounded by many seas and oceans. However, for the other four countries in the region, the Caspian is, one might say, a source of life. The lives of the people in these territories have always been connected to the Caspian Sea. Russia's Caspian neighbours need to move from simple discussions and measurements
to active measures.
When the Caspian level seriously fell in the 1960s-70s, Soviet
Extreme wildfires have doubled in two decades, due to climate crisis
Roberta Harrington
Anew study, in "Nature Ecology & Evolution", reveals that the frequency and intensity of severe wildfires worldwide have doubled over the last two decades due to climate change.
The analysis highlights significant fires like those in Australia in 2019 and 2020, unprecedented in their size and intensity.
Since 2017, the six most extreme fire years have occurred, indicating a clear trend exacerbated by climate change.
Lead researcher Calum Cunningham, from the University of Tasmania, noted that climate change amplifies fire weather globally, increasing both the frequency and extremity of wildfires in many regions. While earlier studies showed a decline in burned areas by wildfires since the turn of the century globally, this new research underscores a 2.2-fold rise in extreme wildfire events since 2003.
The ecological and societal impacts of these extreme wildfires are severe, causing deaths, biomass loss and releasing substantial amounts of carbon. Burn severity, a measure of these impacts, has risen in more regions than it has decreased, according to the study.
Cunningham said that the research initially aimed to counter scepticism about a growing fire crisis. Despite reduced overall burning, the study reveals a paradox where wildfires are becoming more intense and damaging.
Analysing data from NASA satellites spanning 21 years, the researchers observed alarming increases in extreme fires.
authorities considered diverting Siberian rivers south to fill the sea. It was a crazy project, fortunately not implemented. To save the Caspian Sea, there is no need to reinvent the wheel. The Caspian is a unique body of water. Even its ability to cyclically rise and fall is of great scientific interest. But in this situation, leaving everything to the whims of nature is unlikely to be wise because, in addition to natural factors affecting sea level fluctuations, human activity has also contributed.
The time has come for humans, not nature, to rectify the situation.
The frequency and intensity of severe wildfires worldwide have doubled over the last 20 years due to climate change. / John McColgan
This trend is particularly concerning as hotter, more energetic fires become more and more difficult to control and suppress.
The study also highlights a troubling trend where nighttime temperatures, crucial for firefighting efforts, no longer provide the usual respite as fire intensity persists through the night. This shift poses challenges for firefighters, complicating containment strategies.
Jennifer Balch from the University of Colorado emphasised the growing burden on firefighters, exacerbated by a warming climate and increasing wildfire risks faced by millions of homes in the US.
The researchers plan to delve deeper into the scientific under- pinnings of these trends. Cunningham stressed that climate change has created hotter and drier fire weather conditions, fostering environments where wildfires can ignite and spread, even in regions historically less prone to such events.
The study identifies regions such as North America, Australia, Oceania and the Mediterranean as experiencing disproportionate increases in extreme wildfires. Forests, especially conifer and boreal types in North America and Russia, have seen significant spikes in wildfire intensity, reflecting broader global trends driven by climate change.
Cunningham said that climate change is not a distant future concern but a present reality reshaping our environment. The escalation in extreme wildfires is a visible manifestation of this climate transformation happening before our eyes, he said.
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