Page 34 - A History of the World in 25 Cities

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Baghdad was founded when the Abbasid ruler, Caliph Al-Mansur, moved the capital of the Islamic world to the banks of the River Tigris in 762. Known as the ‘Round City’, it was laid out as a huge
circle 2,700 metres in diameter. At the very centre was an area of gardens so beautiful that it was described as ‘paradise on Earth’.
This was a huge library. Its collection of books attracted scholars from all over the known world. Unfortunately, it was later destroyed, leaving its contents a mystery forever.
The gardens contained the ruler’s palace, a huge mosque and an impressive library. Developed over decades,
Baghdad grew to become a great centre for culture and learning during what became
known as the ‘Islamic Golden Age’.
Homes were built from mud and brick. They usually
had several rooms with a courtyard at the
centre. Many included roof terraces and
decorated balconies.
This impressive mosque, which was connected to the palace, was situated at the very
centre of the city. It was built by Caliph Al-Mansur.
Home to the ruler of Baghdad, who was known as a caliph,
a title given to the leader of the Muslim
community.
Meeting places for business and pleasure.
Camel caravans brought people and goods across the desert. They often
carried items to trade such as precious metals, salt, spices and leather.
Built to defend the city, the wall kept Baghdad safe until 1258, when the city was captured and destroyed by the forces of the Mongol ruler, Hulagu.