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Table of Contents
Preface ................................................................... i
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FundamentalConceptsCommontoAllAssessments ..............................5 Fundamental Assessment Principles for Teachers and School Administrators . . . . . . . 6 TraditionalandModernConceptsofValidity ...............................12 Reliability ............................................................16 Norm-andCriterion-ReferencedTesting ...................................21 SomeMeasurementConcepts ............................................26 UsingStateStandardsandAssessmentstoImproveInstruction .................39 PreparingStudentsToTakeStandardizedAchievementTests ..................46 ThePoliticsof NationalTesting ..........................................49
EssentialConceptsforClassroomAssessment ..................................56 WritingMultiple-ChoiceTestItems .......................................57 MoreMultiple-choiceItemWritingDo'sAndDon'ts .........................61 ImplementingPerformanceAssessmentintheClassroom .....................65 ScoringRubrics:What,WhenandHow? ...................................70 ScoringRubricDevelopment:ValidityandReliability ........................77 ClassroomQuestions ..................................................87 TeacherCommentsonReportCards ......................................91
Essential Skills for Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 ImprovingtheQualityofStudentNotes ...................................95 HelpingChildrenMastertheTricksandAvoidtheTrapsofStandardizedTests ...99 MakingtheA:HowToStudyforTests ...................................103
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Rudner, L. and W. Schafer (2002) What Teachers Need to Know About Assessment. Washington, DC: National Education Association.
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