Page 142 - Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine

Naturopathic Medicine
HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
A Living Chronicle: A Tapestry of People, Events and Institutions
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
Autopoiesis described by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela as
the self-maintaining chemistry of biological organisms, the property of a living system (such as a bacterial cell or a multicellular organism) by which it maintains and renews itself by regulating its composition and conserving its boundaries.
A pioneering school of complexity science
and systems biology emphasizes perception, awareness and interactivity in self- organizing living systems. A central element within this theory is the concept of structural coupling, the relation between systems and their environments. Thus, “Autopoiesis can be defined as the ratio between the complexity of a system and the complexity of its environment.” XX
PRINCIPLES, THEORIES, DEFINITIONS, AND ETHICS
Gaia Hypothesis, originally proposed by chemist James Lovelock, MD, and co-developed with microbiologist Lynn Margulis, PhD, (1938-2011), introduces to scientific community and then to popular culture concept that Earth is a biological organism, a living being, within which living organisms and their inorganic surroundings interact to form a self-regulating and self-evolving complex system in which synergistic relationships and feedback loops maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet; the geologist- physician James Hutton’s concept of a living Earth acknowledged as a forerunner to the Gaia hypothesis.
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1973
LICENSURE, EXAMINATIONS, REGULATORY, AND LICENSING BOARDS
Washington State Legislature passes legislation restricting scope of naturopathic doctors to dietary
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advice massage, even though NDs had been legally practicing broader scope for decades.
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
Creation of Nature Care College of Naturopathic and Traditional Medicine in New South Wales, Australia.
RESEARCH: INSTITUTES, GRANTS, AND PUBLICATIONS
Robert Broadwell, ND, involved in pioneering research on Gelsemium, Arsenicum and other agents as part of therapeutic lineage of toxic herb drop dose prescribing.
LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
Our Bodies, Ourselves. Boston Women’s Health Book Collective. Began as a 35-cent, 136-page booklet called Women and Their Bodies, published in 1970 by the New England Free Press, and written by twelve Boston feminist activists. More than
four million copies sold worldwide with broad inspiration for and influence on women in natural medicine. 2011, most recent edition. XX
Robert Broadwell, DO, ND, establishes NCNM program in Kansas. Seattle campus, faculty continues NCNM didactic program.
The Victorian Parliament forms Joint Select Committee on Osteopathy, Chiropractic, and Naturopathy (Australia).
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
Autopoiesis and Cognition: the Realization of the Living. Humberto R. Maturana, PhD, and Francisco Varela, PhD. Key text in complexity science. (1e; 2e ,1980).
Health and Light: The Effects of Natural and Artificial Light on Man and Other Living Things. John Ott, DSc (Hon). Also published papers in International Journal for BioSocial Research on Healing and Light Therapy. XX
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