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Era of Professionalization, Legitimation and Collaboration
naturopathic medicine matures toward collaboration, transformation, and social closure 1998 - 2018
practitioners, researcher scientists, consumers, government agencies, and policy makers.
The Memory of Water: Homoeopathy and the Battle of Ideas in the New Science. Michel Schiff.
“Transforming inner-city landscapes: Trees,
sense of safety, and preference.” F. E. M. Kuo, M. Bacaicoa, and W. C. Sullivan. Environment and Behavior. Francis Ming Kuo is the first person
to look at social aspects of urban green space;
her Landscape and Human Health Lab (LHHL)
at UI-Champaign-Urbana looking at how green space around the Robert Taylor homes in Chicago influenced crime rates, social interactions, coping skills, sense of safety, etc. William Sullivan was co-author on these studies and is still active in this research field.
PRINCIPLES, THEORIES, DEFINITIONS, AND ETHICS
Jared Zeff ND,’s Hierarchy of Therapeutics (four- levels) becomes seven-level Naturopathic Medicine Therapeutic Order. Pamela Snider,
ND, and Dr. Zeff co-lead. Dr. Snider proposes expansion of Therapeutic Order to seven levels, and “Therapeutic Order” as new name, expands determinants of health. Snider, Zeff, Naturopathic Medicine Clinical Theory course syllabus.
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
Decker Weiss, ND, first ND with cardiology specialty, is awarded hospital privileges at Department of Medicine at Arizona Heart Hospital, Phoenix, AZ. XX
MAINSTREAM EMERGENCE, COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION
Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) establishes national treatment center network with ND leadership; develops integrative oncology ND residencies. Led by Timothy Birdsall, ND, Lise Alschuler, ND, and Marcia Prenguber, ND, et al. XX
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Integrative Medicine Residency Program established by Christine Girard, ND, at Griffin Hospital in association with UBCNM. XX
Integrative Medicine Residency established at A Woman’s Time, with integration from conventional providers, by Tori Hudson, ND. XX
Jane Guiltinan, ND, appointed to Harborview Medical Center board in Seattle, WA. First ND to serve on a hospital board. XX
Michael Cronin, ND, served as Director of Integrative Medicine for American WholeHealth Inc. and Senior Medical Director for American WholeHealth Networks, bringing together integrative MDs, DOs, DCs, acupuncturists, psychologists and LMTs, in an early inter- professional team approach to patient care. XX
GLOBAL HEALTH PARTICIPATION
Formative meeting for an international naturopathic medicine student society initiated
by CCNM and ten international students, held
at Bayview-Wildwood Resort in Port Stanton, Ontario. All naturopathic student governments represented. New organization called International Naturopathic Student Association (INSA), representing Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM), National College of Natural Medicine (NCNM), Bastyr University (BU), University of Bridgeport College of Naturopathic Medicine (UBCNM), and Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine (SCNM). Heli McPhee, ND (CCNM), and Mark Carney, ND, LAc (SCNM), lead closing ceremony on beach at Wildwood Lake. Two artifacts exist from ceremony: a sealed jar of water, blended from every campus, and a sealed jar of earth, blended from every campus. (“Naturopathic Medical Student Association: The Voice of Our Students as They Learn the Vis,” D. Schleich. NDNR. Nov 2011; pg. 28-30.) XX
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