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Era of Medical Pluralism
early communities of practice
1801 - 1879
/ Milo E. Yergin, MD, ND, DO, DC (d. ?) Developed
1867
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
American University of Pennsylvania (Eclectic) founded in Philadelphia, PA; closure, 1880.
Constantine Hering, MD, homeopathic physician withdraws from The Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania because he maintained that the teaching of pathology should be included in the curriculum.
Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia founded by Constantine Hering, MD; renamed Hahnemann Medical College in honor of Samuel Hahnemann, founder of homeopathic medicine
in 1869. Became Hahnemann University in
1982. Drexel University board of trustees voted unanimously to merge Hahnemann University with Drexel, 2002.
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
Diseases of Children. John Milton Scudder, MD. Revised, 1881.
New Remedies: Their Pathogenetic Effects and Therapeutical Application in Homoeopathic Practice. Edwin M. Hale, MD. Brings many western hemisphere herbs into the homeopathic materia medica.
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League formed
in England after riots in reaction to Vaccination Act of 1867. Led by Richard B. Gibbs, resistance focused concern upon the infringement of personal liberty and choice. Newsletter, the National Anti- Compulsory Vaccination Reporter. XX
Maximilian Bircher-Benner, MD (d. 1939) Nature cure practitioner in Zurich, Switzerland.
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analysis and treatment emphasizing nutrition
and activity in alignment with natural systems. Honored as “One of the five great Naturopaths of America” in 1947 at the Golden Jubilee Convention of the American Naturopathic Association. XX
/
1868
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
Bennett Medical College founded in Chicago, IL; first graduates, 1870. 1909, renamed Bennett Medical College. 1910-1915, absorbed by Loyola University.
Homeopathic Medical College for Women founded in Cleveland, OH; first graduates, 1870. 1870, merged with Homeopathic Hospital College.
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGE BASE
Bernarr Macfadden, originally Bernard Adolphus McFadden (d. 1955) Founder of physical culture movement, combination of bodybuilding, nutrition and health principles; author, editor, and publishing manager responsible for many publications.
His home study program popularized exercise, diet, health - oriented living. Director of several Healthatorium spas. XX
PRACTICE MODELS AND DELIVERY
Joe Shelby Riley, DO, DC, ND (d. 1947) Plays major role in early naturopathic (and chiropractic) education, professional organizations; popularized Zone Therapy. Honored as “One of the five great Naturopaths of America” in 1947 at the Golden Jubilee Convention of the American Naturopathic Association.XX
Louisa Lust, ND (d. 1925) Studied nature cure methods of Rikli and Kuhne in London prior
to coming to America, where she married Benedict Lust. Successful naturopathic physician
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