Page 182 - Expanded Media & the MediaPlex

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Lumiere Brothers: Kinora moving picture machine 1895.
A year after Edison launched his ‘personal movie machine’ (the Kinetoscope 1894 - based on a long looped 19mm film) the Lumiere Brothers reply with a different concept - based upon James Linnett’s 1868 Kineograph - his patented flip-book viewer. The Kinora was in mass-production before Herman Casler’s Mutoscope arcade machines - which were based upon Lumiere’s Kinora idea - so eventually the Kinora was the ‘home entertainment’ machine while the Mutoscope was in every amusement arcade - even up to the 1960s. As you can see from the drawings and pictures above, the Kinora was a sophisticated flip-book with attached viewer. The user turned the handle to control the speed at which the ‘pages’ of the flip-book could be flipped. Each tough paper page featured a photographic still image made from Lumiere’s growing stock of 35mm one-reel movies. So the moving picture home entertainment single-viewer market burgeoned with earlier devices like Edweard Muybridge’s Zoopraxiscope, Edison’s Kinetoscope, and the Kinora and Mutoscope - growing alongside the rise of projected mass-audience cinema and eventually, Tele-vision. We love the magic of the motion picture, and these early examples established a commercial market that would eventually be filled by TV sets, games consoles, laptops, pads and even stereo VR/AR headsets.
The Lumiere’s were very aptly named. Inventors of much that enhanced our media, including principally Cinematography (1895), large scale immersive projection devices (Photorama Lumiere in 1900), the Kinora, and Autochrome Colour Photography (1903) - But they are famous for one thing only: the invention of the cinematograph,