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Alfred Russell Wallace: On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type (scientific paper): 1858.
Charles Darwin: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1859
Wallace (working independently of Darwin) was the co-discoverer/co-author of the theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwin published his book Origin of Species in 1859 - the publication prompted by Wallace’s paper of 1858 - One of Darwin's stunned reactions to Wallace’s manuscript was: 'I never saw a more striking coincidence.' . Both men were scientific explorers, building their observations and evidence on speciation over decades in many parts of the world. Wallace was the first geographical biologist (exponent of zoogeography) - writing a definitive text The Geographical Distribution of Animals in 1876. He also wrote critically of mankind’s impact on the natural environment - writing on the impact of deforestation and dangers of soil erosion in his 1878 essay Tropical Nature and Other Essays. He also was the first scientist to apply the Theory of Natural Selection to human-kind (The Origin of Human Races and the Antiquity of Man Deduced from the Theory of 'Natural Selection’ 1864).
Here we have the definitive texts on animal and man’s evolution, along with a dawning realisation of the extent of mankind’s depredation of his natural environment - texts that were to resonate through a growing awareness of - and deeper study of - the environment as ecosystem.