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The ‘process’:
1. Firstly, we must correctly diagnose the condition we wish to treat.
We must consider the target’s
Size (or more correctly, its mass),
depth,
absorption properties for the chosen wavelength(s).
Then we consider the skin colour (see my post on the ‘Fitzpatrick’ Scale) – darker skins will result in higher temperatures in the basal layer (which can lead to more pain and more blistering), with less light energy reaching the targets.
To describe skin colour, we adopt a ‘skin colour’ based on the volume fraction of the epidermis occupied by melanosomes (fmel):
Skin Colour
fmel %
1 - very pale
1.3
2
6.3
3
11
4
16
5
18
6 – Afro-Caribbean
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Note that the Fitzpatrick ‘type’ has nothing to do with skin colour, only the skin’s response to ultraviolet radiation.
2. Next, we choose the most appropriate wavelength(s)
Lasers:
Lasers generally output only one wavelength. This limits what they can treat, but it also helps to reduce potentially unwanted skin damage.
These days there is a wide range of lasers available for a wide range of treatments. Diode lasers are popular for hair removal, particularly in darker-skinned clients. Pulsed dye lasers are very popular for vascular problems, while CO2 and erbium:YAG lasers are used for the removal of wrinkles, fine lines and non-surgical face-lifts.
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