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For example, the Iraq and Afghan City settings have a variety of elements including a marketplace, desolate streets, checkpoints, ramshackle buildings, warehouses, mosques, shops and dirt lots strewn with junk. Access to building interiors and rooftops is available and the backdrop surrounding the navigable exposure zones creates the illusion of being embedded within a section of a sprawling densely populated mountainous or desert city. The user can also be positioned inside of a Humvee or MRAP (Mine- Resistant Ambush Protected) vehicle that supports the perception of travel within a convoy or as a lone vehicle with selectable positions as a driver, passenger or from the more exposed turret position above the roof of the vehicle. The number of soldiers in the cab can also be varied as well as their capacity to become wounded during certain attack scenarios (e.g., IEDs, rooftop/bridge attacks).
In addition to the visual stimuli presented in the VR Head-Mounted Display (HMD), directional 3D audio, vibrotactile, and olfactory stimuli (e.g., burning rubber, cordite, garbage, body odor, smoke, diesel fuel, Iraqi food spices, and gunpowder) can be delivered into the BRAVEMIND scenarios in real-time by the clinician. The