Page 18 - Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 8th Edition

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology / 3

Table 1-1. Nomenclature for Systematic Anatomy
VetBooks.ir System Name of Study Chief Structures

Bones
Skeletal system
Osteology
Articular system Arthrology (Syndesmology) Joints
Muscular system Myology Muscles
Digestive system Splanchnology Stomach and intestines
Respiratory system Splanchnology Lungs and airways
Urinary system Splanchnology Kidneys and urinary bladder
Reproductive system Splanchnology Ovaries and testes
Endocrine system Endocrinology Ductless glands
Nervous system Neurology Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Circulatory system Cardiology Heart and vessels
Sensory system Esthesiology Eye and ear

those systems, and the chief structures the reader understand the terminology
involved in each system. used for anatomical nomenclature. It should
Physiology has also become so extensive also not be surprising that many anatom-
in scope that many areas of specialization ical constructs have been referred to by a
are recognized. Like anatomy, these may variety of names over the centuries, and
be based on body systems (e.g., neurophys- veterinary anatomy is further burdened by
iology, gastrointestinal physiology, cardio- nonuniform attempts to adopt names of
vascular physiology, respiratory physiology, homologous human structures. As a con-
endocrine physiology, and reproductive sequence, there are sometimes multiple
physiology) or the level of biological names for anatomical structures. A commit-
organization (cell physiology and organis- tee of The World Association of Veterinary
mal physiology). All of these subdivisions Anatomists (WAVA) debates and decides
become the parts of such overall areas of the single, most appropriate term for struc-
study as applied physiology, comparative tures in veterinary anatomy. In 1963 the
physiology, pathophysiology, medical first “Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria”
physiology, and mammalian physiology. (literally, “Veterinary Anatomical Names”)
We will be concerned with these systems or NAV came into widespread use. This
and studies as they relate specifically to guide has since undergone a series of revi-
farm animals. sions, and the latest version (6th edition,
revised) is available on the WAVA website.
The NAV is set up as a list of anatomical
Anatomical Nomenclature, terms in their correct Latin, laid out logi-
Directional Terms, and Planes cally by system and body region. A few
of Section basic words (e.g., “nervus” for “nerve,” “os”
for “bone”) will help the industrious reader
Anatomy is a very old scientific discipline, who starts browsing the document. This
and anatomists have been giving names to text endeavors to abide by the NAV guide-
body parts for a very long time, sometimes lines for naming structures, deviating only
naming the structure after themselves, or when common usage overwhelmingly
using Greek (Gr.) or Latin (L.) terms to argues for an alternative term.
describe a structure. In the online version In order to communicate with others
of this text, helpful word roots have about the physical location and relationships
been provided for each chapter to help of anatomical structures, a specialized