Page 64 - Knowledge Organiser Yr9 24-25

Knowledge Base: Geography Resources Year 9 | SummerYTeearm9
1. General terms
1.1
natural resources
Materials that occur naturally and can be extracted or exploited to make money.
1.2
scarcity
A lack of a particular resource in any one place and/or at any one time. Scarcity could be a temporary problem.
1.3
abundance
An over-supply of an energy resource at any one place and/ or at any one time. Might only be a temporary advantage.
1.4
renewable energy
Renewable resources are an energy source that cannot be depleted and are able to supply a continuous source of clean energy. E.g. solar energy.
1.5
non-renewable energy
Non-renewable resources are an energy source that will be depleted and eventually run out. E.g. coal, oil and gas.
1.6
energy mix
The combination of different energy sources used to meet a country's total energy consumption. It's an important part of energy security, and varies from country to country.
1.7
energy insecurity
Energy insecurity occurs when there is an energy deficit, where the amount of energy consumed is greater than the amount of energy produced.
1.8
energy deficit
When energy demand exceeds production, there is an energy deficit and the country suffers from energy insecurity.
1.9
energy surplus
If energy supply exceeds demand then a country has an energy surplus and the country has energy security.
1.10
water stress
Occurs when the demand for useable water exceeds the available amount of water for a period of time.
3. Energy sources
3.1
fracking
Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock layers deep within the earth. Fracking makes it possible to produce natural gas in shale areas that were once unreachable with conventional technologies.
3.2
geothermal energy
A type of renewable energy that uses the Earth’s natural heat to heat homes and businesses or generate electricity.
3.3
hydroelectric energy
A form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such as water flowing over a waterfall—to generate electricity.
3.4
tidal energy
Is power produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides. Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy.
3.5
solar energy
Any type of energy generated by the sun. Solar energy can be harnessed directly or indirectly for human use.
3.6
wind energy
Kinetic energy produced by the movement of air, able to be converted to mechanical power.
3.7
wave energy
Waves contain kinetic energy. By using turbines, the kinetic energy of waves can be transferred into electrical energy.
3.8
bio fuels
Any fuel that is derived from biomass—that is, plant or algae material or animal waste. Since such feedstock material can be replenished readily, biofuel is considered to be a source of renewable energy, unlike fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
3.9
nuclear fission
Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large atomic nucleus such as uranium into smaller nuclei with the release of energy.
3.10
nuclear fusion
The process where two light nuclei merge to form a single heavier nucleus. This process releases massive amounts of energy, but is not yet technologically or practically viable.
2. Environmental issues
2.1
sustainability
Meeting our needs today whilst allowing the needs of future generations to be met.
2.2
global warming
Increases in the world’s temperature caused by human activities that increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
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