Page 131 - Knowledge Organiser Yr8 24-25

Knowledge Base: Science 8.3 Breathing and Respiration and 8.4 Motion Year 8
8.3 Breathing and Respiration 8.4 Motion
1. Speed
1.1 What is speed? A measure of how fast an object is moving.
1. Energy and Energy Stores
7.1
What effect does exercise have on the rate of aerobic respiration in our muscle cells?
Increases to release more energy.
7.2
During exercise what do our muscle cells need more of?
Oxygen and glucose (for aerobic respiration).
7.3
During exercise what happens to our breathing and why?
We breathe:
1. More frequently.
2. More deeply (greater volume). This allows more oxygen to enter the blood and travel to our muscles.
7.4
During exercise what happens to our heart rate and why?
It increases to pump more oxygenated blood to our muscle cells.
7.5
State two effects of regular exercise.
1. Strengthens muscles between ribs and diaphragm to breath more deeply.
2. Increase the number of alveoli in the lungs to increase gas exchange.
1.2
What are the typical speeds for moving objects?
Moving Object
Average speed (m/s)
Human waking 1.5
Human running 3
Cycling 6
Aeroplane at cruising altitude 255
1.3
What two
things do you need to know about an object to calculate
its average speed?
1. The distance it has travelled.
2. The time it has taken to travel that distance.
1.4
What is the unit for distance?
Metres (m)
1.5
What is the unit for time?
Seconds (s)
1.6
What is the unit for speed?
Metres per second (m/s)
1.7
What is the equation used to calculate average speed?
Average speed (m/s) = distance (m) ÷ time (s)
1.8
How does a speed camera work?
The camera takes two photos of a vehicle taken at a certain time apart or a certain distance apart. They then use the average speed equation to calculate the speed of the car.
8. Fermentation
8.1
What type of respiration occurs in plants and microorganisms in low oxygen environments?
Anaerobic respiration.
8.2
What is fermentation?
When anaerobic respiration occurs in plant or microorganisms.
8.3
What is the word equation for fermentation?
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
8.4
What can the products of fermentation be used for?
Ethanol is used to make beer and other alcohol, carbon dioxide is used to make bread rise.
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