Page 70 - Knowledge Organiser Yr8 24-25

Knowledge Base: Geography Development Year 8 | Term 3
1. How do we measure development?
1.1
gross domestic product (GDP)
A measure that counts all of the wealth generated within the borders of a country in one year.
[The UK is £2,473,856,540,000]
1.2
GDP per capita
A measure that counts all of the wealth generated within the borders of a country in one year divided by the total population. [The UK is £36,939]
1.3
HDI
A combined measure that uses GDP per capita, life expectancy and years in education. [The UK is 0.92]
1.4
literacy rate
The percentage of adults that can read & write. [The UK is 99%]
1.5
birth rate
The number of live births in a year for every 1000 people in the total population.
[The UK is 11.1 births per 1,000 people]
1.6
death rate
The number of people in every 1000 who die in a year. [The UK is 9.1 deaths per 1,000 people]
1.7
life expectancy
The age to which an average person can be expected to live to. [In the UK this is 82]
1.8
Natural Increase
A population change that occurs when the number of births is larger than the number of deaths.
[The UK is 0.04%]
1.9
infant mortality
The number of babies that die before their first birthday out of every 1,000 live births.
[The UK is 3.7 deaths per 1,000 live births]
1.10
mean years in education
The mean average amount of time a person spends in formal education in their lifetime. This figure can be reduced in countries where women have limited opportunities.
1.11
absolute poverty
The percentage of the population of country living on less than $1.90 a day (£1.50).
1.12
quality of life
A qualitative measure that assesses the level of health, comfort, and happiness an individual or group experiences.
1.13
standard of living
Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain group of people in a certain geographic area.
2. Bridging the gap
2.1
short term aid
Provide support during or after a disaster. It includes food, medicines and tents to save lives.
2.2
long term aid
Providing support such as education for young people, is a continuous programme which aims to improve standards of living.
2.3
multilateral aid
Governments fund organisations like the United Nations that give development aid without favour.
2.4
bilateral Aid
A country receiving the aid must spend the money on goods and services from the one country providing it.
2.5
fair trade
A trading practice where the producers in LICs receive a larger share of the profits for their primary products.
2.6
intermediate technology
Low cost, sustainable technology that can improve the quality of the lives of people in LICs.
3. General terms
3.1 development Relating to improvement in the lives of people in different countries.
3.2
LIC
Low Income Country. Less wealthy and less developed countries. Less than $1,035 GDP per capita a year.
3.3
HIC
High Income Country. More wealthy and more developed countries with over $12,696 GDP per capita a year.
3.4
NEE
Newly Emerging Economy. Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development and growth. Between $1,036 and $12,695 GDP per capita a year.
3.5
globalisation
Globalisation is the increasing connections between places and people across the planet, established through trade, politics and cultural exchanges, and helped by technology and transport.
3.6
top-down development projects
Top-down projects are usually large-scale. This means they aim to develop a whole country or region, for example building dams that provide electricity for thousands of people. Decisions are made by governments or large companies, not by local people.
3.7
bottom-down development projects
Local-scale projects that aim to help a community or small area to develop. An example is building a well so that a community has access to safe, clean water. Decisions are made by the local people affected by the project.
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