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 AXnPoh\w
 s]mXphnZym`ymkØns‚ \mƒhgnIƒ
kemw Iqcn°mS≥
GHSS aqe¶mhv
 s]mXphnZymebw s]mXphmbXv Hscm‰ cm{Xn sIm≠√. h¿jßfpsS Ncn{Xhpw kmaqlnI\oXn°p th≠n Zmln®v Hcp Iq ́w a\ pIfpw AXn\p ]ndIn¬ D≠v. taemf\v am{Xw e`yambncp∂p hnZym`ymkw Ahs‚ ]mSØv ]WnsbSp°p∂h\v A{]m]yambXv KqVamb Nne Xm¬]cy ßfpsS `mKambmWv.
hne]nSn® F¥pw Nnecn¬ am{Xw HXp°n \n¿Øm\p≈ {]hWX {]mNo\Imew apXte kaqlØnep≠v .B kaqlw ]et∏mgpw ]pcpjtI{μoIrXhpw ÿncambn PmXntI{μoIrXhpw Bbncp∂p. A[nImchpw PmXnbpw ]ckv]cw _‘s∏ ́m Wncn°p∂Xv. AhntS°v Iogmf¿t°m Hcfhphsc kv{XokaqlØnt\m {]thi\ap≠mbncp ∂n√ .
{]m¥h¬°cn°s∏ ́ C°q ́Øn\v aponep≠mbncp∂ XS ßsf hn]mS\w sNbvXp sIm≠mWv tIcfØn¬ s]mXp hnZym`ymkw F∂ k¶ev]wXs∂ Db¿∂p h∂Xv. AXv A{X efnXamb H∂mbncp∂n√. ]©ansb∂ s] ̈Ip ́n apX¬ knhn¬ k¿hoknse D∂X _ncpZ[mcnWn hsc \ofp∂ Cu kmaqlnI{]bmWØn¬ s]mXp hnZym`ymkw F∂ Bibw henb ]¶p hln®n ́p≠v.
hnZym`ymk kuIcyßfnse Ak¥p enXmhÿbmWv kmaqlnI Xn∑Ifnsem∂v . Nne¿ AhcpsS PmXn sIm≠pXs∂ hnZym`ym kØn\v '{]IrXn]c' ambnØs∂ tbmKyX
t\Sp∂p. ASnbms‚ ÿm\w ]mSØp Xs∂!. hfsc°mew \o≠p\n∂ Cu {]{Inbbn¬ PmXntbmsSm∏w ]WwIqSn apJytbmKyXbmbn amdn. At∏mgpw kaqlØnse XmsgØ ́nep≈h¿°v hnZym`ymksa∂Xv kz]v\w Xs∂bmbn XpS¿∂p. ]peb°p ́nIƒ°pw ]≈n°qSØn¬ {]thi\w A\phZn®psIm≠p≈ DØchv 1907 ep≠msb¶nepw kzm`mhnI hnZymebßfn¬ tN¿∂v ]Tn°m≥ Ah¿°v km[n®ncp∂n√. ]et∏mgpw {]tXyI hnZymeb߃ Xs∂ Db¿∂p htc≠nh∂p . Hcp XIc∏m{Xw t]mse Npfpßn°qSp∂ A]I¿jX bn¬ \n∂pw km[mcW°mc≥ F∂ `qcn]£Øn\v \nh¿∂p \n¬°m≥ ImcWambXv tIcfØns‚ s]mXphnZym`ymk k{oZmbamWv. AXn\v Bhiyamb \nbaßfpw ASnÿm\kuIcyßfpw Hcp°pI am{Xa√ t\{X \yq\Xbv°v A\ptbmPyamb ImNw t]mse A\pKpWamb D∂X s]mXpt_m [hpw kr„n°s∏ ́p. F∂m¬ s]mXphnZym`ymk Ønse A]I¿j km[yXIƒ ]q¿Æambpw AenTMp Xo¿∂ncp∂n√. hnhn[ ]mTy]≤XnIfn ep≈ Cw•ojv aoUnbw k-vIqfpIƒ k¿Δhn[ kuIcyßfpsSbpw, k¿°m¿ k-vIqfpIƒ ]cnanXnI fpsSbpw tI{μßfmbn t_m[]q¿Δw {]Ncn∏n°
s∏ ́p.
]Ws°mgpt∏dnb Item’hthZnIfnepw A°mZanIv D∂Xnbnepsams° kzImcy hnZymeb ßfpsS t]cv Bh¿Øn°s∏ ́psIm≠ncp∂p. ]gb XIc∏m{X߃ ho≠pw Npcpßm≥ XpSßn.
kzImcy hnZymebßfpsS bqWnt^mw AS°ap≈ {IaoIcW߃ BVw_cPVneamb sI ́pImgvNIƒ am{XamsW∂pw s]mXp hnZymebß
 tIcftÉv{]o ̨ss{]adnSot®gvkvAt mkntbj≥,hb\mSvPn√
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