Page 417 - Green - Maritime Archaeology: A Technical Handbook. 2nd ed

396 Maritime Archaeology: A Technical Handbook, Second Edition
processing packages can handle footnotes automatically and, if such a system is used, their incorporation into documents may not be a problem. Word-processing packages are not typesetting packages, so there a need for caution here.
When using a referencing system the format should be carefully worked out beforehand or there will be inconsistencies in the text. If a typist is entering the text it is suggested that a sample format is supplied so that the entries can be entered in a uniform and logical manner. A suggested format, used by the International Journal for Nautical Archaeology, looks like this: for main text references, Bloggs (1969), (Bloggs, 1965), (Bloggs and Nitwit, 1988), Wally et al. (1989). This type of reference is used either when refer- ring to the author directly in the text: ‘It was found by Wally et al. (1989) that . . . ,’ or as an indirect reference: ‘Animal bones have found on only one site in the area (Bloggs, 1969), although they have been found elsewhere (Bloggs, 1965; Wally et al., 1989; and Bloggs and Nitwit, 1988).’ Note in the latter case a decision is necessary on how to treat the date when several publications are quoted within the parentheses, for example, should they be ordered alphabetically or chronologically. The list of references, generally included at the end of the work, have the following style:
1. Book: Martin, C.J.M., 1975, Full fathom five: wrecks of the Spanish Armada. Chatto and Windus, London.
2. Journal: Martin, C.J.M., 1979, La Trinidad Valencera: An Armada inva- sion transport, lost off Donegal. Interim site report, 1971–76. Interna- tional Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 8(1): 13–38.
Note the difference between the book reference, where the title is in italics and the journal reference where the title of the journal is in italics. The name of a ship should also be in italics; if it is in a book title, then the ship’s name would have been set in the reverse typeface, i.e., Roman. If you cannot alter the style of the font, then there are standard conventions for marking the text for the printer. Writers now underline text to indicate to the typesetter to set it in italics. It should be noted that this is only intended as a guide, there are other conventions for references and for more detail readers should refer to the standard texts such as the Australian Govern- ment Publishing Service (2002), Butcher (1981), and Oxford University Press (1983). References are most editors’ nightmare, not only do authors often not follow the convention of the publication, they also can be incon- sistent and inaccurate. It is always important to ensure that there is consis- tency between the in-text references and the references.
It is also strongly recommended that a style sheet be prepared for ref- erence by the author and the publisher. The style sheet should list the ref-