Page 183 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

Figure 2.221. Side view of the pinas model (Courtesy Cees de Jonge, The Visual Art Box)
in galvanic corrosion in the s altwater, not a b lessing for the ship.
Thus, with this section, Witsen has reached the last of his 122 steps in the building of a ship while ac knowledg- ing that he has omitted certain details:
(61 I 12) And so the most important parts of the ship, which show on a ship, are poin ted out; the others are too small, or not important enough, to be depicted on the engraving, like bolts, nails, cramps, belaying pins, stop waters, copper for the rudder etc.
These missing elements, such as the ladders, iron mount- ings, anchors, ropes, blocks, sails, flags, and other articles of equipment, w ill be tre ated in the fol lowing sections, drawing on the information provided by Witsen.
123. Ladders
(91 I 23) The ladders, forward of the steering stand , are often made with handrails on the upper deck, and the steps themselves quite broad, and coming down in a curve: and also, on ships having quarterdecks, going from the steering stand upward, but this only seldom, as on men-of-war.
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(267 I 20) In the hold of the ship, sometimes a pillar can be seen standing straigh t up, and hewn as a rack, it serves for a ladder, near which a rope hangs down.
How Ships Are Built in Holland Today
(92 I 17) 67. About the Ladders.
1. The side rail broad 5 inches, thick 2 inches.
2. The steps wide 9 inches, broad 8 inches, thick 1 1⁄2
inches.
3. The ladder wide 2 feet 2 inches, also the ladders
abaft the forecastle, before th e mast, and before the steering stand, below and above.
4. Both stair ways for the upper cabin, wide 17 inches, the steps, wide 10 inches, thick 11⁄2 inches, broad 8 inches.
5. The side rails broad 6 inches, thick two inches. The chocks broad 6 inches, thick 1 inch.
123. Ladders
The pinas had five ladders on the upper deck: two against the forecastle bulkhead, another two before the bulkhead of the steering stand, and one for the upper cabin. These all had an S-shaped curve, like the bulk head against which they were placed.
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